Thyroid neoplasm is a neoplasm or tumor of the thyroid. It can be a benign tumor such as thyroid adenoma, or it can be a malignant neoplasm (thyroid cancer), such as papillary, follicular, medullary or anaplastic thyroid cancer. Most patients are 25 to 65 years of age when first diagnosed; women are more affected than men. The estimated number of new cases of thyroid cancer in the United States in 2010 is 44,670 compared to only 1,690 deaths. Of all thyroid nodules discovered, only about 5 percent are cancerous, and under 3 percent of those result in fatalities.
The first step in diagnosing a thyroid neoplasm is a physical exam of the neck area. If any abnormalities exist, a doctor needs to be consulted. A family doctor may conduct blood tests, an ultrasound, and nuclear scan as steps to a diagnosis. The results from these tests are then read by an endocrinologist who will determine what problems the thyroid has.
Hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism are two conditions that often arise from an abnormally functioning thyroid gland. These occur when the thyroid is producing too much or too little thyroid hormone respectively.
Thyroid nodules are a major presentation of thyroid neoplasms, and are diagnosed by ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration (USG/FNA) or frequently by thyroidectomy (surgical removal and subsequent histological examination). FNA is the most cost-effective and accurate method of obtaining a biopsy sample. As thyroid cancer can take up iodine, radioactive iodine is commonly used to treat thyroid carcinomas, followed by TSH suppression by high-dose thyroxine therapy.
Nodules are of particular concern when they are found in those under the age of 20. The presentation of benign nodules at this age is less likely, and thus the potential for malignancy is far greater.
Thyroid neoplasm might be classified as benign or malignant.
Thyroid adenoma is a benign neoplasm of the thyroid. Thyroid nodules are very common and around 80 percent of adults will have at least one by the time they reach 70 years of age.
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Thyroid neoplasm is a neoplasm or tumor of the thyroid. It can be a benign tumor such as thyroid adenoma, or it can be a malignant neoplasm (thyroid cancer), such as papillary, follicular, medullary or anaplastic thyroid cancer. Most patients are 25 to 65 years of age when first diagnosed; women are more affected than men. The estimated number of new cases of thyroid cancer in the United States in 2010 is 44,670 compared to only 1,690 deaths. Of all thyroid nodules discovered, only about 5 percent are cancerous, and under 3 percent of those result in fatalities.
L'hyperthyroïdie (appelée aussi dans des cas très prononcés thyréotoxicose ou thyrotoxicose) est le syndrome clinique causé par un excès de thyroxine libre circulante (FT4) ou de triïodothyronine libre (FT3), ou les deux. Chez les humains, les causes principales sont la maladie de Basedow (cause la plus fréquente : 70-80 % des cas), l'adénome toxique de la thyroïde, le goitre multinodulaire toxique, et la thyroïdite sub-aiguë.
La glande thyroïde ou thyroïde est une glande endocrine régulant, chez les vertébrés, de nombreux systèmes hormonaux par la sécrétion de triiodothyronine (T3), de thyroxine (T4) et de calcitonine. Dans l'espèce humaine, elle est située à la face antérieure du cou, superficiellement. Ses déformations (on parle de goitre quand le volume de la thyroïde est augmenté) sont visibles sous la peau. Elle peut être le siège de diverses affections : hyperthyroïdie, hypothyroïdie, tumeur maligne ou tumeur bénigne.
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