Proto-Indo-European homeland

The Proto-Indo-European homeland (or Indo-European homeland) was the prehistoric linguistic homeland of the Proto-Indo-European language (PIE). From this region, its speakers migrated east and west, and went on to form the proto-communities of the different branches of the Indo-European language family. The most widely accepted proposal about the location of the Proto-Indo-European homeland is the steppe hypothesis, which puts the archaic, early, and late PIE homeland in the Pontic–Caspian steppe around 4,000 BCE. The leading competitor is the Anatolian hypothesis, which puts it in Anatolia around 8,000 BCE. A notable third possibility, which has gained renewed attention due to aDNA research in the 2010s, is the Armenian hypothesis, which situates the homeland for archaic PIE south of the Caucasus. Several other explanations have been proposed, including the outdated but historically prominent North European hypothesis, the Neolithic creolisation hypothesis, the Paleolithic continuity paradigm, the Arctic theory, and the "indigenous Aryans" (or "out of India") hypothesis. These are not widely accepted, and are considered to be fringe theories. The search for the homeland of the Indo-Europeans began in the late 18th century with the rediscovery of the Indo-European language family. The methods used to establish the homeland have been drawn from the disciplines of historical linguistics, archaeology, physical anthropology and, more recently, human population genetics. The steppe model, the Anatolian model, and the Near Eastern (or Armenian) model are the three leading solutions for the Indo-European homeland. The steppe model, placing the Proto-Indo-European (PIE) homeland in the Pontic-Caspian steppe around 4,000 BCE, is the theory supported by most scholars. According to linguist Allan R. Bomhard (2019), the steppe hypothesis proposed by archeologists Marija Gimbutas and David W. Anthony "is supported not only by linguistic evidence, but also by a growing body of archeological and genetic evidence.

À propos de ce résultat

Cette page est générée automatiquement et peut contenir des informations qui ne sont pas correctes, complètes, à jour ou pertinentes par rapport à votre recherche. Il en va de même pour toutes les autres pages de ce site. Veillez à vérifier les informations auprès des sources officielles de l'EPFL.

Publications associées (1)

Concepts associés (6)

Aryens

Aryens ou Arya est un terme (signifiant « noble » en sanskrit) qui a été utilisé par les Indo-Iraniens pour se désigner eux-mêmes (endonyme). Durant la période védique (environ 1500 à 500 avant notre ère), Arya désigne à fois la classe noble et la région géographique d’Āryāvarta où la culture indo-aryenne s’est développée. Les peuples iraniens, qui lui sont étroitement liés, ont également utilisé le terme comme désignation pour eux-mêmes dans l’Avesta, et le mot forme la source étymologique du nom Iran.

Old Europe (archaeology)

Old Europe is a term coined by the Lithuanian archaeologist Marija Gimbutas to describe what she perceived as a relatively homogeneous pre-Indo-European Neolithic and Copper Age culture or civilisation in Southeast Europe, centred in the Lower Danube Valley. Old Europe is also referred to in some literature as the Danube civilisation. The term 'Danubian culture' was earlier coined by the archaeologist Vere Gordon Childe to describe early farming cultures (e.g.

Hypothèse anatolienne

L'hypothèse anatolienne du foyer originel des Indo-Européens propose que les locuteurs de l'Indo-européen commun vivaient en Anatolie au Néolithique ancien, et associe la diffusion des langues indo-européennes en Europe à l'expansion des agriculteurs anatoliens vers l'Ouest au cours des La principale hypothèse alternative est l'hypothèse kourgane, qui s'est imposée aujourd'hui chez la plupart des chercheurs.

Semiempirical calculations of titanium dioxide (rutile) clusters

Ulf Anders Hagfeldt

The densities of states for small (TiO2)x-clusters, x = 1, 3, 6, 9, and 14, were calcd. by means of the INDO method. The shape of the valence bands' d. of states (DOS) are discussed in terms of the distribution of coordination nos. A one-slab cluster with ...

1992