Économie de l'Inde

Selon les données du FMI, l'Inde est en 2022 la puissance économique mondiale en dollars courants avec un produit intérieur brut (PIB) de Mds de

, et de 10210 Mds de

en parité de pouvoir d'achat (PPA), soit le mondial après les États-Unis et la Chine. La croissance a atteint une moyenne proche de 8 % au cours des et quinquennaux entre 2002 et 2012. Pourtant les défis de l'Inde restent tels que les autorités visent toujours la maximisation de la croissance pour éradiquer la pauvreté de masse qui touchait encore en 2013 630 millions d'Indiens (pauvreté multidimensionnelle selon le PNUD) soit 55,3 % de la population, et le tiers en dessous du seuil international de 1,25 équivalent dollar par jour. Le défi concerne aussi l'agriculture qui occupe près de la moitié de la population alors que sa part dans le PIB est tombée en dessous de 20 % en 2014 et que la malnutrition concerne toujours plus du tiers des enfants si on se base sur les données du Global Nutrition Report 2015. Les

Accessibility Futures

Paul Richard Anderson

This study uses accessibility as a performance measure to evaluate a matrix of future land use and network scenarios for planning purposes. The concept of accessibility dates to the 1950s, but this type of application to transportation planning is new. Previous research has established the coevolution of transportation and land use, demonstrated the dependence of accessibility on both, and made the case for the use of accessibility measures as a planning tool. This study builds off of these findings by demonstrating the use of accessibility-based performance measures in the Twin Cities Metropolitan Area. This choice of performance measure also allows for transit and highway networks to be compared side-by-side. For roadway modeling, zone-to-zone travel time matrix was computed using stochastic user equilibrium (SUE) assignment with travel time feedback to trip distribution. A database of schedules was used on the transit networks to assign transit routes. This travel time data was joined with the land use data from each scenario to obtain the employment, population, and labor accessibility from each traffic analysis zone (TAZ) within specified time ranges. Tables of person-weighted accessibility were computed for 20 minutes with zone population as the weight for employment accessibility and zone employment as the weight for population and labor accessibility. Maps of accessibility by zone were produced to show the spatial distribution of accessibility across the region. The results show that a scenario where population and employment growth are concentrated in the center of the metropolitan area would produce the highest accessibility no matter which transportation network changes are made. However, another scenario which concentrates population growth in the center of the metropolitan area and shifts employment growth to the periphery consistently outperforms the scenario representing the projected 2030 land use without any growth management strategy.

Wiley-Blackwell2013

Illiquidity and Higher Cumulants

Semyon Malamud, Alberto Mokak Teguia

We characterize the unique equilibrium in an economy populated by strategic CARA investors who trade multiple risky assets with arbitrarily distributed payoffs. We use our explicit solution to study the joint behavior of illiquidity of option contracts. Option bid-ask spreads are proportional to risk aversion and risk-neutral variances of option payoffs. Spreads may decrease in risk aversion, physical variance, open interest, and increase after earnings announcements in a result contrary to conventional wisdom. All these predictions are confirmed empirically using a large panel data set of U.S. stock options.

OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC2022

Accessibility Futures

Paul Richard Anderson

Wiley-Blackwell2013

La responsabilité de l’entrepreneur total en cas d’accident de chantier

Accessibility Futures

Illiquidity and Higher Cumulants

Accessibility Futures

La responsabilité de l’entrepreneur total en cas d’accident de chantier

Illiquidity and Higher Cumulants