Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group
Résumé
The Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG) is a community of people interested in evolving HTML and related technologies. The WHATWG was founded by individuals from Apple Inc., the Mozilla Foundation and Opera Software, leading Web browser vendors, in 2004.
WHATWG is responsible for maintaining multiple web-related technical standards, including the specifications for the HyperText Markup Language (HTML) and the Document Object Model (DOM). The central organizational membership and control of WHATWG – its "Steering Group" – consists of Apple, Mozilla, Google, and Microsoft. WHATWG community members work with the editor of the specifications to ensure correct implementation.
The WHATWG was formed in response to the slow development of World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Web standards and W3C's decision to abandon HTML in favor of XML-based technologies. The WHATWG mailing list was announced on 4 June 2004, two days after the initiatives of a joint Opera–Mozilla position paper had been voted down by the W3C members at the W3C Workshop on Web Applications and Compound Documents.
On 10 April 2007, the Mozilla Foundation, Apple, and Opera Software proposed that the new HTML working group of the W3C adopt the WHATWG's HTML5 as the starting point of its work and name its future deliverable as "HTML5" (though the WHATWG specification was later renamed HTML Living Standard).
On 9 May 2007, the new HTML working group of the W3C resolved to do that. An Internet Explorer platform architect from Microsoft was invited but did not join, citing the lack of a patent policy to ensure all specifications can be implemented on a royalty-free basis. Since then, the W3C and the WHATWG had been developing HTML independently, at times causing specifications to diverge.
In 2017, the WHATWG established an intellectual property rights agreement that includes a patent policy. This spurred a renewed attempt to allow the W3C and the WHATWG to work together on specifications.
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XHTML (Extensible HyperText Markup Language) est un langage de balisage servant à écrire des pages pour le World Wide Web. Conçu à l'origine comme le successeur de HTML, XHTML se fonde sur la syntaxe définie par XML, plus récente et plus simple que celle définie par SGML sur laquelle repose HTML. Il s'agissait en effet à l'époque de tirer parti des bénéfices techniques attendus de la simplification offerte par XML. Comme de nombreux langages fondés sur XML, celui-ci commence par la lettre X, qui représente le mot extensible.
In web development, "tag soup" is a pejorative for syntactically or structurally incorrect HTML written for a web page. Because web browsers have historically treated structural or syntax errors in HTML leniently, there has been little pressure for web developers to follow published standards, and therefore there is a need for all browser implementations to provide mechanisms to cope with the appearance of "tag soup", accepting and correcting for invalid syntax and structure where possible.
vignette|Part de marché des principaux navigateurs web depuis 2008, selon StatCounter. vignette|Chronologie des navigateurs Web. L’évolution de l'usage des navigateurs Web est l'évolution de l'usage du logiciel de navigation web que les internautes ont observée à travers le temps. Elle est la conséquence d'une compétition entre les sociétés développant ces logiciels pour dominer le marché. Cette évolution a surtout été marquée par le combat entre Internet Explorer et Netscape Navigator (en particulier sur la plate-forme Windows) à la fin des années 1990.
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