A command shell is a command-line interface to interact with and manipulate a computer's operating system.
Background execution allows a shell to run a command without user interaction in the terminal, freeing the command line for additional work with the shell. POSIX shells and other Unix shells allow background execution by using the & character at the end of command. In PowerShell, the Start-Process or Start-Job cmdlets can be used.
Command-line completion
Completion features assist the user in typing commands at the command line, by looking for and suggesting matching words for incomplete ones. Completion is generally requested by pressing the completion key (often the key).
Command name completion is the completion of the name of a command. In most shells, a command can be a program in the command path (usually $PATH), a builtin command, a function or alias.
Path completion is the completion of the path to a file, relative or absolute.
Wildcard completion is a generalization of path completion, where an expression matches any number of files, using any supported syntax for .
Variable completion is the completion of the name of a variable name (environment variable or shell variable).
Bash, zsh, and fish have completion for all variable names. PowerShell has completions for environment variable names, shell variable names and — from within user-defined functions — parameter names.
Command argument completion is the completion of a specific command's arguments. There are two types of arguments, named and positional: Named arguments, often called options, are identified by their name or letter preceding a value, whereas positional arguments consist only of the value. Some shells allow completion of argument names, but few support completing values.
Bash, zsh and fish offer parameter name completion through a definition external to the command, distributed in a separate completion definition file. For command parameter name/value completions, these shells assume path/filename completion if no completion is defined for the command.
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vignette|300px|Capture d'écran d'un shell Bash sous Gentoo. Une interface en ligne de commande ou ILC (en anglais command line interface, couramment abrégé CLI) est une interface homme-machine dans laquelle la communication entre l'utilisateur et l'ordinateur s'effectue en mode texte : l'utilisateur tape une ligne de commande, c'est-à-dire du texte au clavier pour demander à l'ordinateur d'effectuer une opération ; l'ordinateur affiche du texte correspondant au résultat de l'exécution des commandes tapées ou à des questions qu'un logiciel pose à l'utilisateur.
Bash (acronyme de Bourne-Again shell) est un interpréteur en ligne de commande de type script. C'est le shell Unix du projet GNU. Fondé sur le Bourne shell, Bash lui apporte de nombreuses améliorations, provenant notamment du Korn shell et du C shell. Bash est un logiciel libre publié sous licence publique générale GNU. Il est l'interprète par défaut sur de nombreux Unix libres, notamment sur les systèmes GNU/Linux. C'était aussi le shell par défaut de Mac OS X, remplacé avec macOS Catalina (10.15) par zsh.
In computing, redirection is a form of interprocess communication, and is a function common to most command-line interpreters, including the various Unix shells that can redirect standard streams to user-specified locations. In Unix-like operating systems, programs do redirection with the system call, or its less-flexible but higher-level stdio analogues, and . Redirection is usually implemented by placing certain characters between commands. Typically, the syntax of these characters is as follows, using < to redirect input, and > to redirect output.
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