Binary collision approximationIn condensed-matter physics, the binary collision approximation (BCA) is a heuristic used to more efficiently simulate the penetration depth and defect production by energetic ions (with kinetic energies in the kilo-electronvolt (keV) range or higher) in solids. In the method, the ion is approximated to travel through a material by experiencing a sequence of independent binary collisions with sample atoms (nuclei). Between the collisions, the ion is assumed to travel in a straight path, experiencing electronic stopping power, but losing no energy in collisions with nuclei.
Pulvérisation cathodiquethumb|Pulvérisation cathodique magnétron en cours de dépôt de couche mince La pulvérisation cathodique (ou sputtering) est un phénomène dans lequel des particules sont arrachées à une cathode dans une atmosphère raréfiée. Elle est une des causes du vieillissement des anciens tubes électroniques, mais est également mise à profit comme méthode de dépôt de couche mince. Il s'agit dans ce cas d'une technique qui autorise la synthèse de plusieurs matériaux à partir de la condensation d’une vapeur métallique issue d’une source solide (cible) sur un substrat.
Channelling (physics)In condensed-matter physics, channelling (or channeling) is the process that constrains the path of a charged particle in a crystalline solid. Many physical phenomena can occur when a charged particle is incident upon a solid target, e.g., elastic scattering, inelastic energy-loss processes, secondary-electron emission, electromagnetic radiation, nuclear reactions, etc. All of these processes have cross sections which depend on the impact parameters involved in collisions with individual target atoms.
