Photovoltaic system

Résumé

A photovoltaic system, also PV system or solar power system, is an electric power system designed to supply usable solar power by means of photovoltaics. It consists of an arrangement of several components, including solar panels to absorb and convert sunlight into electricity, a solar inverter to convert the output from direct to alternating current, as well as mounting, cabling, and other electrical accessories to set up a working system. It may also use a solar tracking system to improve the system's overall performance and include an integrated battery. PV systems convert light directly into electricity, and are not to be confused with other solar technologies, such as concentrated solar power or solar thermal, used for heating and cooling. A solar array only encompasses the ensemble of solar panels, the visible part of the PV system, and does not include all the other hardware, often summarized as balance of system (BOS). PV systems range from small, rooftop-mounted or building

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system

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As non-controllable power sources, photovoltaics can create overvoltage and overloading in low voltage (LV) distribution feeders during periods of high generation and low demand. This is usually prevented passively by limiting the penetration level of PV to very conservative values, even if the critical periods rarely occur. Alternatively, one can use active power curtailment techniques, reducing the amount of active power injected by the PV inverters. In this way, it is possible to prevent overvoltage of the network buses and overloading of the network lines. This study investigates an approach for controlling the PV power generated in the town of Rolle, Switzerland, equipped with a large number of rooftop PV systems. Simulations of a one year period with typical solar irradiance and load proﬁles are conducted to assess the quantity of PV generation that needs to be curtailed to avoid violated constraints. A comparison between the economical loss of the curtailed power and the economical cost of the reinforcement of the grid to reach a safe operation of the network is proposed. This allows to give the distribution system operator an overview of which method is economically proﬁtable. The study shows that the curtailment of the PV systems is less proﬁtable than reinforcing the network.

2020

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In this work, we present the set up of a testing facility for photovoltaic (PV) modules and other PV system components in Dakar, Senegal. This creation is the result of a collaboration between the Polytechnic Schools of Dakar (ESP) and Lausanne (EPFL) aiming at improving the quality of PV systems by selecting components with sufficient quality. This testing center should also contribute to the education of all actors involved in the PV sector and contribute to research activities on the aging and failure mode analysis of PV modules exposed to sub-Saharian climates such as the hot semiarid climate of Dakar region but also those of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) region, including Senegal.

WIP GmbH2019

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Pb-free Sn-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have significant potential for application in photovoltaic devices because oftheir suitable bandgap, low exciton binding energy, high carrier mobility, and long diffusion length. However, their performance is hampered by several issues. Sn-based perovskites are highly susceptible to oxidation, which induces a high concentration of defects and degrades the chemical stability of the perovskite crystals. Herein, the anion formate (HCOO-) can effectively suppress the oxidation of Sn in the pure formamidinium tin triiodide (FASnI(3)) perovskite without using A-site cationic additives. Moreover, the presence of formate results in a uniform pinhole-free perovskite film with a low trap density, reduced charge carrier recombination, and improved charge extraction. Density functional theory calculations show that formate-treated FASnI(3) has improved stability against oxidative Sn degradation. The formate-treated PSC achieves a power conversion efficiency of 12.11% at a high open-circuit voltage of 0.71 V. The device exhibits improved stability in ambient air in which it maintained over 80% of its initial power conversion efficiency after 180 min because oxidation is inhibited owing to the strong interaction between Sn and formate.

WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH2022

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