ElectrophorusElectrophorus est un genre de poissons "électriques" d'eau douce rencontré dans le nord de l'Amérique du Sud, du bassin de l'Orénoque à celui de l'Amazone. E. electricus, communément appelée Anguille électrique, a longtemps été considérée comme la seule espèce du genre Electrophorus, jusqu'à ce qu'une étude publiée en 2019 révèle l'existence de deux autres espèces, E. voltai et E. varii, qui se différencient d'E. electricus par des caractères morphologiques, génétiques et écologiques.
Exploration électrophysiologiqueL' exploration électrophysiologique (ou exploration électrophysiologique endocavitaire ou EEP) est un examen de cardiologie réalisé à l'aide de cathéters (ou sondes d'électrophysiologie de diagnostic) montés dans le cœur. Son objectif est de mettre en évidence des troubles de conduction, de localiser des voies de conduction accessoires, ou des foyers ectopiques en recueillant les signaux électriques cardiaques. Elle peut être complétée par des tests médicamenteux et peut être le prélude à une section (ou ablation) de certaines structures cardiaques intervenant dans la genèse des troubles du rythme.
Threshold potentialIn electrophysiology, the threshold potential is the critical level to which a membrane potential must be depolarized to initiate an action potential. In neuroscience, threshold potentials are necessary to regulate and propagate signaling in both the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Most often, the threshold potential is a membrane potential value between –50 and –55 mV, but can vary based upon several factors.
Voltage clampThe voltage clamp is an experimental method used by electrophysiologists to measure the ion currents through the membranes of excitable cells, such as neurons, while holding the membrane voltage at a set level. A basic voltage clamp will iteratively measure the membrane potential, and then change the membrane potential (voltage) to a desired value by adding the necessary current. This "clamps" the cell membrane at a desired constant voltage, allowing the voltage clamp to record what currents are delivered.
Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoringIntraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) or intraoperative neuromonitoring is the use of electrophysiological methods such as electroencephalography (EEG), electromyography (EMG), and evoked potentials to monitor the functional integrity of certain neural structures (e.g., nerves, spinal cord and parts of the brain) during surgery. The purpose of IONM is to reduce the risk to the patient of iatrogenic damage to the nervous system, and/or to provide functional guidance to the surgeon and anesthesiologist.
Organ-on-a-chipAn organ-on-a-chip (OOC) is a multi-channel 3-D microfluidic cell culture, integrated circuit (chip) that simulates the activities, mechanics and physiological response of an entire organ or an organ system. It constitutes the subject matter of significant biomedical engineering research, more precisely in bio-MEMS. The convergence of labs-on-chips (LOCs) and cell biology has permitted the study of human physiology in an organ-specific context.
BioelectronicsBioelectronics is a field of research in the convergence of biology and electronics. At the first C.E.C. Workshop, in Brussels in November 1991, bioelectronics was defined as 'the use of biological materials and biological architectures for information processing systems and new devices'. Bioelectronics, specifically bio-molecular electronics, were described as 'the research and development of bio-inspired (i.e. self-assembly) inorganic and organic materials and of bio-inspired (i.e.
Excitatory synapseAn excitatory synapse is a synapse in which an action potential in a presynaptic neuron increases the probability of an action potential occurring in a postsynaptic cell. Neurons form networks through which nerve impulses travels, each neuron often making numerous connections with other cells of neurons. These electrical signals may be excitatory or inhibitory, and, if the total of excitatory influences exceeds that of the inhibitory influences, the neuron will generate a new action potential at its axon hillock, thus transmitting the information to yet another cell.
