The GNU Compiler for Java (GCJ) is a discontinued free compiler for the Java programming language. It was part of the GNU Compiler Collection.
GCJ compiles Java source code to Java virtual machine (JVM) bytecode or to machine code for a number of CPU architectures. It could also compile and whole that contain bytecode into machine code.
The GCJ runtime-libraries original source is from GNU Classpath project, but there is a code difference between the libgcj libraries. GCJ 4.3 uses the Eclipse Compiler for Java as a front-end.
In 2007, a lot of work was done to implement support for Java's two graphical APIs in GNU Classpath: AWT and Swing. Software support for AWT is still in development. "Once AWT support is working then Swing support can be considered. There is at least one free-software partial implementations of Swing that may be usable.". The GNU CLASSPATH was never completed to even Java 1.2 status and now appears to have been abandoned completely.
As of 2015, there were no new developments announced from GCJ and the product was in maintenance mode, with open-source Java toolchain development mostly happening within OpenJDK. GCJ was removed from the GCC trunk on September 30, 2016. Announcement of its removal was made with the release of the GCC 7.1, which does not contain it. GCJ remains part of GCC 6.
The compilation function in GCJ should have a faster start-up time than the equivalent bytecode launched in a JVM when compiling Java code into machine code.
The Compiled Native Interface (CNI), previously named "Cygnus Native Interface", is a software framework for the GCJ that allows Java code to call, and be called by, native applications (programs specific to a hardware and operating-system platform) and libraries written in C++.
CNI closely resembles the JNI (Java Native Interface) framework which comes as a standard with various Java virtual machines.
The authors of CNI claim for various advantages over JNI:
We use CNI because we think it is a better solution, especially for a Java implementation that is based on the idea that Java is just another programming language that can be implemented using standard compilation techniques.
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Students learn several implementation techniques for modern functional and object-oriented programming languages. They put some of them into practice by developing key parts of a compiler and run time
Couvre les concepts de gestion de la mémoire tels que les en-têtes de bloc, la fragmentation externe, le comptage des références et la collecte des déchets de marquage et de balayage.
GCJ (GNU Compiler for Java) était le compilateur Java du projet GNU, sous licence libre. Il a été un des composants de GCC de la version 3 jusqu'à la version 6, avant d'en être retiré à partir de la version 7. Contrairement au compilateur du SDK Java de Sun Microsystems produisant exclusivement du bytecode Java, gcj opte pour une approche traditionnelle en produisant du code natif pour l'architecture matérielle. De plus GCJ est également capable de fonctionner comme un compilateur Java classique en produisant du bytecode, et permet également de transformer du bytecode vers du code natif.
L'OpenJDK constitue l'implémentation de référence officielle et libre de Java SE, tel que défini par le Java Community Process et ce, depuis sa version 7. Il est le résultat de l'effort de l'entreprise Sun Microsystems (propriétaire de Java jusqu'à son rachat par Oracle) à vouloir rendre Java SE open source. Richard Stallman, dans un article du , a mis en évidence le problème du « piège Java ». Un logiciel libre est véritablement libre non pas seulement s'il respecte une licence approuvée par la Fondation pour le logiciel libre, mais si l'ensemble de ses dépendances sont elles aussi libres.
Free Java implementations are software projects that implement Oracle's Java technologies and are distributed under free software licences, making them free software. Sun released most of its Java source code as free software in May 2007, so it can now almost be considered a free Java implementation. Java implementations include compilers, runtimes, class libraries, etc. Advocates of free and open source software refer to free or open source Java virtual machine software as free runtimes or free Java runtimes.