Dommage (droit)En droit, le dommage est la conséquence patrimoniale et extra-patrimoniale d’une atteinte aux biens de la personne ou à la personne elle-même. Il est très proche d’une autre notion qui est le préjudice mais cette différence est subtile et doctrinale. Le dommage c’est l’atteinte tandis que le préjudice est la conséquence de cette atteinte. Le concept de dommage est surtout présent en droit de la responsabilité civile où il permet d'établir le montant d'indemnisation auquel aura droit la victime d'une faute.
ProbateIn common law jurisdictions probate is the judicial process whereby a will is "proved" in a court of law and accepted as a valid public document that is the true last testament of the deceased, or whereby the estate is settled according to the laws of intestacy in the state of residence of the deceased at time of death in the absence of a legal will. The granting of probate is the first step in the legal process of administering the estate of a deceased person, resolving all claims and distributing the deceased person's property under a will.
Subrogation personnelle en droit civil françaisEn droit des obligations, la subrogation personnelle est l'opération par laquelle un tiers paie le créancier à la place du débiteur, et se substitue au créancier dans le rapport d'obligation à hauteur de son paiement. La subrogation personnelle peut résulter d'un contrat ou de la loi. Un rapport d'obligation unit un créancier et un débiteur, lequel est personnellement tenu au paiement de la dette. L'identité entre le solvens (payeur) et le débiteur est en principe le fondement du droit des obligations, en vertu de la force obligatoire et de l'effet relatif des contrats.
InjunctionAn injunction is an equitable remedy in the form of a special court order that compels a party to do or refrain from specific acts. "When a court employs the extraordinary remedy of injunction, it directs the conduct of a party, and does so with the backing of its full coercive powers." A party that fails to comply with an injunction faces criminal or civil penalties, including possible monetary sanctions and even imprisonment. They can also be charged with contempt of court.
Form of actionThe forms of action were the different procedures by which a legal claim could be made during much of the history of the English common law. Depending on the court, a plaintiff would purchase a writ in Chancery (or file a bill) which would set in motion a series of events eventually leading to a trial in one of the medieval common law courts. Each writ entailed a different set of procedures and remedies which together amounted to the "form of action". The forms of action were abolished during the 19th century, but they have left an indelible mark on the law.
English unjust enrichment lawThe English law of unjust enrichment is part of the English law of obligations, along with the law of contract, tort, and trusts. The law of unjust enrichment deals with circumstances in which one person is required to make restitution of a benefit acquired at the expense of another in circumstances which are unjust. The modern law of unjust enrichment encompasses what was once known as the law of quasi-contract. Its precise scope remains a matter of controversy.
Equitable remedyEquitable remedies are judicial remedies developed by courts of equity from about the time of Henry VIII to provide more flexible responses to changing social conditions than was possible in precedent-based common law. Equitable remedies were granted by the Court of Chancery in England, and remain available today in most common law jurisdictions. In many jurisdictions, legal and equitable remedies have been merged and a single court can issue either, or both, remedies.
English land lawEnglish land law is the law of real property in England and Wales. Because of its heavy historical and social significance, land is usually seen as the most important part of English property law. Ownership of land has its roots in the feudal system established by William the Conqueror after 1066, and with a gradually diminishing aristocratic presence, now sees a large number of owners playing in an active market for real estate.
