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Tumor progression is a multistep process in which proproliferation mutations must be accompanied by suppression of senescence. In melanoma, proproliferative signals are provided by activating mutations in NRAS and BRAF, whereas senescence is bypassed by in ...
K-ras is the most commonly mutated oncogene in pancreatic cancer and its activation in murine models is sufficient to recapitulate the spectrum of lesions seen in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Recent studies suggest that Notch receptor sig ...
One of the basic characteristics of every living system is the ability to respond to extracellular signals. This is carried out through a limited number of protein-based signaling networks, whose function is not only based on simple transmission of the rec ...
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are ubiquitous in eukaryotic signal transduction, and these pathways are conserved in cells from yeast to mammals. They relay extracellular stimuli from the plasma membrane to targets in the cytoplasm an ...
During development of the central nervous system, stem and progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation are controlled by complex inter- and intracellular interactions that orchestrate the precise spatiotemporal production of particular cell types. Wi ...
There is an urgent need to develop new drugs against eukaryotic parasitic protozoa such as Plasmodium, Trypanosoma and Leishmania, which cause the diseases malaria, trypanosomiasis and the leishmaniases respectively. The biology of these organisms has many ...
BACKGROUND: The JNK pathway is a mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway involved in the regulation of numerous physiological processes during development and in response to environmental stress. JNK activity is controlled by two MAPK kinases (MAPKK ...
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are ubiquitous in eukaryotic signal transduction, and these pathways are conserved in cells from yeast to mammals. They relay extracellular stimuli from the plasma membrane to targets in the cytoplasm an ...
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key factor in endothelial cell biol. and blood vessel formation and a candidate therapeutic for the stimulation of angiogenesis-dependent tissue regeneration. The objective of this study was to confer the angi ...
The mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is one of the most prominent and well-studied signaling networks. The pathway has control over such diverse cellular functions as cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. In addn. to its well-d ...