Dir (clan)The Dir (Dir) is one of the largest and most prominent Somali clans in the Horn of Africa. They are also considered to be the oldest Somali stock to have inhabited the region. Its members inhabit Djibouti, Somalia, Ethiopia (Somali, Harar, Dire Dawa, Oromia and Afar regions), and northeastern Kenya (North Eastern Province). Like the great majority of Somali clans, the Dir trace their ancestry to Aqil ibn Abi Talib (580 – 670 or 683), a cousin of the prophet Muhammad (570 – 632) and an older brother of Ali ibn Abi Talib (600 – 661) and Ja'far ibn Abi Talib (590 – 629).
SamaaleSamaale, also spelled Samali or Samale (Samaale) is traditionally considered to be the oldest common forefather of several major Somali clans and their respective sub-clans. His name is the source of the ethnonym Somali. As the purported ancestor of most pastoralist clans living in the northern part of Somalia, Samaale lies at the basis of the largest and most widespread Somali lineage (the second largest lineage belonging to Samaale's brother Sab, the purported progenitor of most southern, cultivating clans).
HawiyeThe Hawiye (Hawiye, بنو هوية, Hauija) is the largest Somali clan family. Members of this clan traditionally inhabit central and southern Somalia, Somaliland, Djibouti, Ethiopia (Somali, Harar, Oromia and Afar regions) and Kenya (North Eastern Province, Eastern Province). They are also the majority in the capital city, Mogadishu. Like the great majority of Somali clans, the Hawiye trace their ancestry to Aqil ibn Abi Talib (580 – 670 or 683), a cousin of the prophet Muhammad (570 – 632) and an older brother of Ali ibn Abi Talib (600 – 661) and Ja'far ibn Abi Talib (590 – 629).
GadabuursiThe Gadabuursi (Somali: Gadabuursi, Arabic: جادابورسي), also known as Samaroon (Arabic: قبيلة سَمَرُون), is a northern Somali clan, a sub-division of the Dir clan family. The Gadabuursi are geographically spread out across three countries: Ethiopia, Somaliland and Djibouti. Among all of the Gadabuursi inhabited regions of the Horn of Africa, Ethiopia is the country where the majority of the clan reside. In Ethiopia, the Gadabuursi are mainly found in the Somali Region, but they also inhabit the Harar, Dire Dawa and Oromia regions.
GarreThe Garre (also Gurreh, Karre, or Binukaaf, Somali: Reer Garre, Arabic: بنو كاف, romanized: Banī kāf) are a prominent Somali clan that traces its lineage back to Samaale, who is believed to have originated from the Arabian Peninsula through Aqiil Abu Talib. The Garre clan is considered to be a sub-clan of the Digil-Rahanweynl clan family, which is part of the larger Rahanweyn clan. However, genealogically, they are descended from Gardheere Samaale. The Garre are also categorized as southern Hawiye as well.
Démographie de la SomalieDemographic features of Somalia's inhabitants include ethnicity, language, population density, education level, health, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population. Somalia is believed to be one of the most homogeneous countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Child marriages, known to deprive women of opportunities to reach their full potential, have among women aged 20-24, 36 percent of total population. The April 2020 SHDS report further unveils that fertility rates remain very high, the total fertility rate for Somalia is 6.
Sultanat AjuranLe sultanat Ajuran (Saldanadii Ajuuraan ; سلطنة الأجورانية) ou tout simplement Ajuran, est un État islamique somali ayant dirigé et développé, du au , une importante partie de la Corne de l'Afrique ainsi qu'une partie du commerce maritime dans l'océan Indien. Il fait partie de la série de sultanats musulmans somalis qui régnèrent sur la Corne de l'Afrique au Moyen Âge. Sa solide administration centralisée et sa fermeté militaire face aux envahisseurs étrangers lui permirent de résister avec succès aux invasions oromos venues de l'ouest ainsi qu'aux incursions portugaises venues de l'est.
AbgaalAbgaal (Somali: Abgaal, Arabic: أبگال) is a sub-clan of the Hawiye and the even larger Samaale clan. It is one of the major Somali clans and has produced many prominent historical Somali figures including 3 presidents, and the father of the Somali military. Italian scholar of Somali and Ethiopian studies Enrico Cerulli studies discusses the origin story of the name Abgaal in his book How a Hawiye tribe used to live. The mother of Hirabä was Faduma Karanlä. The mother of Abgal was Faduma Sargellä, who was an Aguran.
IssasLes Issas (Reer Sheikh Ciise, عيسى) sont un clan somali du nord, une subdivision des Dir, l'une des cinq grandes « confédérations claniques » des Somalis. Ils habitent principalement dans le sud de Djibouti, au nord-est de la Somaliland et dans l'est de l'Éthiopie. Les Issas parlent somali, une langue couchitique. Les relations entre les groupes et à l'intérieur de ceux-ci sont réglementées par un droit appelé xeer. Il organise en particulier le paiement des indemnités dues pour les blessures et décès, le prix du sang (diyya).
Somali (région)La région Somali (en ሶማሌ ክልል ; Gobolka Soomaalida) est une des dix régions de l'Éthiopie. Sa population était d'environ en 2007. Sa capitale est la ville de Djidjiga. La région Somali est subdivisée en zones dont la liste est rappelée ci-dessous, puis en woredas (districts). La région, aride à semi-aride, consiste surtout en hautes plaines. Le fleuve le plus important est le Shebelé. Les trois rivières du sud, Dawa, Gestro et Ganale Dorya se réunissent pour former le Jubba de Somalie.
