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Concept
Entreprise de service public
Résumé
A public utility company (usually just utility) is an organization that maintains the infrastructure for a public service (often also providing a service using that infrastructure). Public utilities are subject to forms of public control and regulation ranging from local community-based groups to statewide government monopolies.
Public utilities are meant to supply goods/services that are considered essential; water, gas, electricity, telephone, and other communication systems represent much of the public utility market. The transmission lines used in the transportation of electricity, or natural gas pipelines, have natural monopoly characteristics. A monopoly can occur when it finds the best way to minimize its costs through economies of scale to the point where other companies cannot compete with it. For example, if many companies are already offering electricity, the additional installation of a power plant will only disadvantage the consumer as prices could be increased. If the infrastructure already exists in a given area, minimal benefit is gained through competing. In other words, these industries are characterized by economies of scale in production. Though it can be mentioned that these natural monopolies are handled or watched by a public utilities commission, or an institution that represents the government.
There are many different types of public utilities. Some, especially large companies, offer multiple products, such as electricity and natural gas. Other companies specialize in one specific product, such as water. Modern public utilities may also be partially (or completely) sourced from clean and renewable energy in order to produce sustainable electricity. Of these, wind turbines and solar panels are those used most frequently.
Whether broadband internet access should be a public utility is a question that was being discussed with the rise of internet usage. This is a question that was being asked due to the telephone service being considered a public utility.
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Concepts associés (16)
Service public
La notion de service public peut désigner : Au sens matériel, une activité d'intérêt général, prise en charge par une personne publique au moyen de prérogatives de puissances publiques Au sens organique et par métonymie, l'organisme gérant un service public, soit une administration publique. Collectivité publique, pouvoirs publics, administration publique et service public sont souvent employés de façon interchangeable, mais ont des définitions techniques distinctes.
Infrastructure
L'infrastructure est un ensemble d'éléments, d'ouvrages ou d'installations interdépendants qui supportent en partie ou en totalité une structure ou un réseau. Ces infrastructures peuvent être : la fondation d'une construction (par exemple: solage, semelle de fondation ou dalles portant des charges), généralement dans le sol ; une construction implantée sur le sol (par exemple: ponts, routes, voies ferrées, aéroports, barrages) ; un ensemble d'équipements interconnectés (par exemple : réseaux d'aqueduc et/ou d'égouts, réseaux électriques, réseaux téléphoniques) ; des réseaux de hautes technologies (par exemple: réseaux Internet ou intranet, réseaux satellitaires, réseaux 5G, réseaux IoT).
Water industry
The water industry provides drinking water and wastewater services (including sewage treatment) to residential, commercial, and industrial sectors of the economy. Typically public utilities operate water supply networks. The water industry does not include manufacturers and suppliers of bottled water, which is part of the beverage production and belongs to the food sector. The water industry includes water engineering, operations, water and wastewater plant construction, equipment supply and specialist water treatment chemicals, among others.