Communismevignette|Karl Marx, théoricien du communisme. vignette|Vladimir Ilitch Lénine, fondateur de l'URSS. vignette|droite|Mao Zedong et Joseph Staline, deux des principaux dirigeants d'États communistes du . vignette|Che Guevara, révolutionnaire marxiste argentin, une figure de la révolution cubaine. vignette|Manifestation du Parti de la refondation communiste italien en 2007.
Libertarianismevignette|Manifestation du Tea Party, un mouvement libertarien américain, en septembre 2009 à Washington Le libertarianisme, aussi appelé libertarisme, est une philosophie politique développée aux États-Unis. Elle repose sur l'idée qu'une société juste respecte et protège la liberté de chaque individu. Le libertarianisme repose sur l'émancipation qui s'oppose à l'assujettissement, d'où découlent une philosophie et une organisation de la vie en société permettant à chaque individu de jouir d'un maximum de liberté.
Social anarchismSocial anarchism, also known as left-wing anarchism or socialist anarchism, is the branch of anarchism that sees liberty and social equality as interrelated. It advocates for a social revolution to remove oppressive forms of hierarchy, such as capitalism and the state. In their place, social anarchists encourage social collaboration through mutual aid and envision non-hierarchical forms of social organization, such as voluntary associations.
Contemporary anarchismContemporary anarchism within the history of anarchism is the period of the anarchist movement continuing from the end of World War II and into the present. Since the last third of the 20th century, anarchists have been involved in anti-globalisation, peace, squatter and student protest movements. Anarchists have participated in armed revolutions such as in those that created the Makhnovshchina and Revolutionary Catalonia, and anarchist political organizations such as the International Workers' Association and the Industrial Workers of the World have existed since the 20th century.
ProtestA protest (also called a demonstration, remonstration or remonstrance) is a public expression of objection, disapproval or dissent towards an idea or action, typically a political one. Protests can be thought of as acts of cooperation in which numerous people cooperate by attending, and share the potential costs and risks of doing so. Protests can take many different forms, from individual statements to mass political demonstrations.
History of socialismThe history of socialism has its origins in the Age of Enlightenment and the 1789 French Revolution along with the changes that it brought, although it has precedents in earlier movements and ideas. The Communist Manifesto was written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in 1847-48 just before the Revolutions of 1848 swept Europe, expressing what they termed scientific socialism. In the last third of the 19th century parties dedicated to Democratic socialism arose in Europe, drawing mainly from Marxism.
Émeutevignette|Émeute à Berlin (2001). Une émeute est une manifestation populaire agitée, généralement spontanée et violente, par exemple avec des bagarres. Les personnes qui participent à des émeutes sont appelées des émeutiers. Au sens originel une émeute désignait une émotion, liée à un événement considéré par une partie de la population comme interdit et révoltant. Sous l'Ancien Régime, les émotions populaires étaient le plus souvent causées par les disettes. La population affamée s'en prenait aux boulangers, aux marchands de grains, etc.
