Concept
Electrical element
Concepts associés (23)
Linear time-invariant system
In system analysis, among other fields of study, a linear time-invariant (LTI) system is a system that produces an output signal from any input signal subject to the constraints of linearity and time-invariance; these terms are briefly defined below. These properties apply (exactly or approximately) to many important physical systems, in which case the response y(t) of the system to an arbitrary input x(t) can be found directly using convolution: y(t) = (x ∗ h)(t) where h(t) is called the system's impulse response and ∗ represents convolution (not to be confused with multiplication).
Distributed-element model
In electrical engineering, the distributed-element model or transmission-line model of electrical circuits assumes that the attributes of the circuit (resistance, capacitance, and inductance) are distributed continuously throughout the material of the circuit. This is in contrast to the more common lumped-element model, which assumes that these values are lumped into electrical components that are joined by perfectly conducting wires.
Gyrator
A gyrator is a passive, linear, lossless, two-port electrical network element proposed in 1948 by Bernard D. H. Tellegen as a hypothetical fifth linear element after the resistor, capacitor, inductor and ideal transformer. Unlike the four conventional elements, the gyrator is non-reciprocal. Gyrators permit network realizations of two-(or-more)-port devices which cannot be realized with just the conventional four elements. In particular, gyrators make possible network realizations of isolators and circulators.
Bobine (électricité)
Une bobine, solénoïde, auto-inductance ou quelquefois self (par anglicisme), est un composant courant en électrotechnique et électronique. Une bobine est constituée d'un enroulement de fil conducteur éventuellement autour d'un noyau en matériau ferromagnétique qui peut être un assemblage de feuilles de tôle ou un bloc de ferrite. Les physiciens et ingénieurs français l'appellent souvent par synecdoque « inductance », ce terme désignant la propriété caractéristique de la bobine, qui est son opposition à la variation du courant dans ses spires.
Parasitic capacitance
Parasitic capacitance is an unavoidable and usually unwanted capacitance that exists between the parts of an electronic component or circuit simply because of their proximity to each other. When two electrical conductors at different voltages are close together, the electric field between them causes electric charge to be stored on them; this effect is capacitance. All practical circuit elements such as inductors, diodes, and transistors have internal capacitance, which can cause their behavior to depart from that of ideal circuit elements.
Principe de superposition
On dit qu'un système de type entrée-sortie est linéaire ou relève du principe de superposition si: à la somme de deux entrées quelconques correspond la somme des deux sorties correspondantes, à un multiple d'une entrée quelconque correspond le même multiple de la sortie correspondante. Dans le domaine des systèmes physiques et mécaniques, on appelle souvent l'entrée excitation et la sortie réponse.
Circuit magnétique
Un circuit magnétique est un circuit généralement réalisé en matériau ferromagnétique au travers duquel circule un flux de champ magnétique. Le champ magnétique est généralement créé soit par des enroulements enserrant le circuit magnétique et traversés par des courants, soit par des aimants contenus dans le circuit magnétique. Lorsque plusieurs circuits électriques sont bobinés autour d'un même circuit magnétique, ils constituent des circuits magnétiquement couplés. Il est constitué d'un assemblage de pièces en matériaux ferromagnétiques.
Distributed-element circuit
Distributed-element circuits are electrical circuits composed of lengths of transmission lines or other distributed components. These circuits perform the same functions as conventional circuits composed of passive components, such as capacitors, inductors, and transformers. They are used mostly at microwave frequencies, where conventional components are difficult (or impossible) to implement. Conventional circuits consist of individual components manufactured separately then connected together with a conducting medium.
Output impedance
The output impedance of an electrical network is the measure of the opposition to current flow (impedance), both static (resistance) and dynamic (reactance), into the load network being connected that is internal to the electrical source. The output impedance is a measure of the source's propensity to drop in voltage when the load draws current, the source network being the portion of the network that transmits and the load network being the portion of the network that consumes.
Equivalent circuit
In electrical engineering, an equivalent circuit refers to a theoretical circuit that retains all of the electrical characteristics of a given circuit. Often, an equivalent circuit is sought that simplifies calculation, and more broadly, that is a simplest form of a more complex circuit in order to aid analysis. In its most common form, an equivalent circuit is made up of linear, passive elements. However, more complex equivalent circuits are used that approximate the nonlinear behavior of the original circuit as well.