Epigenetic clockAn epigenetic clock is a biochemical test that can be used to measure age. The test is based on DNA methylation levels, measuring the accumulation of methyl groups to one's DNA molecules. The strong effects of age on DNA methylation levels have been known since the late 1960s. A vast literature describes sets of CpGs whose DNA methylation levels correlate with age. The first robust demonstration that DNA methylation levels in saliva could generate age predictors with an average accuracy of 5.
Methuselah FoundationThe Methuselah Foundation is an American-based global non-profit organization based in Springfield, Virginia, with a declared mission to "make 90 the new 50 by 2030" by supporting tissue engineering and regenerative medicine therapies. The organization was originally incorporated by David Gobel in 2001 as the Performance Prize Society, a name inspired by the British governments Longitude Act, which offered monetary rewards for anyone who could devise a portable, practical solution for determining a ship's longitude.
XénogreffeLa xénogreffe (ou xénotransplantation) est la transplantation d'un greffon (organe par exemple) où le donneur est d'une espèce biologique différente de celle du receveur. Elle s’oppose ainsi à l'allogreffe où le greffon vient de la même espèce que le receveur. Le porc est l'un des meilleurs animaux donneurs d'organes pour l'humain, en raison notamment de sa disponibilité et de la taille de ses organes. Cette technique est encore expérimentale pour les organes et les cellules.
PosthumanPosthuman or post-human is a concept originating in the fields of science fiction, futurology, contemporary art, and philosophy that means a person or entity that exists in a state beyond being human. The concept aims at addressing a variety of questions, including ethics and justice, language and trans-species communication, social systems, and the intellectual aspirations of interdisciplinarity. Posthumanism is not to be confused with transhumanism (the biotechnological enhancement of human beings) and narrow definitions of the posthuman as the hoped-for transcendence of materiality.
SirtuineLes sirtuines sont une classe d'enzymes, des histones désacétylases NAD-dépendantes, que l'on trouve à la fois chez les procaryotes (dont les bactéries) et les eucaryotes (végétaux et animaux). Elles affectent le métabolisme cellulaire en régulant l'expression de certains gènes (épigénétique) chez les eucaryotes. Le nom vient de Silent mating type Information Regulation two, le gène responsable de la régulation cellulaire chez les levures, et -ine la terminaison conventionnelle pour les protéines.
Hallmarks of agingAging is characterized by a progressive loss of physiological integrity, leading to impaired function and increased vulnerability to death. The hallmarks of aging are the types of biochemical changes that occur in all organisms that experience biological aging and lead to a progressive loss of physiological integrity, impaired function and, eventually, death. They were first listed in a landmark paper in 2013 to conceptualize the essence of biological aging and its underlying mechanisms.
Longevity escape velocityIn the life extension movement, longevity escape velocity (LEV), actuarial escape velocity or biological escape velocity is a hypothetical situation in which one's remaining life expectancy (not life expectancy at birth) is extended longer than the time that is passing. For example, in a given year in which longevity escape velocity would be maintained, technological advances would increase people's remaining life expectancy more than the year that just went by.
