Soin infirmier

Résumé

vignette|300px|Une infirmière (Anne Bell) s'occupant de deux soldats blessés lors de la guerre civile américaine. Les soins infirmiers sont définis au sens large comme « une attention, une application envers quelqu’un ou quelque chose ». Le mot soin prend alors le sens de « moyens par lesquels on s’efforce de rendre la santé à un malade ». Tels que définis par le Conseil international des infirmières, les soins infirmiers représentent les soins prodigués, de manière autonome ou en collaboration, aux individus de tous âges, aux familles, aux groupes et aux communautés – malades ou bien-portants – quel que soit le cadre. Ils se focalisent sur la promotion de la santé, la prévention de la maladie, ainsi que les soins dispensés aux personnes malades, handicapées et mourantes. Ils englobent également la défense, la promotion d'un environnement sain, la recherche, la participation à l'élaboration de la politique de santé et à la gestion des systèmes de santé et des patients, ainsi que l'éd

Source officielle

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soin_infirmier

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Evaluation of 1-Year in-Home Monitoring Technology by Home-Dwelling Older Adults, Family Caregivers, and Nurses

Philipp Buluschek, Daniel Gatica-Perez, Bruno Pais

Introduction:Population aging is increasing the needs and costs of healthcare. Both frailty and the chronic diseases affecting older people reduce their ability to live independently. However, most older people prefer to age in their own homes. New development of in-home monitoring can play a role in staying independent, active, and healthy for older people. This 12-month observational study aimed to evaluate a new in-home monitoring system among home-dwelling older adults (OA), their family caregivers (FC), and nurses for the support of home care. Methods:The in-home monitoring system evaluated in this study continuously monitored OA's daily activities (e.g., mobility, sleep habits, fridge visits, door events) by ambient sensor system (DomoCare (R)) and health-related events by wearable sensors (Activity tracker, ECG). In the case of deviations in daily activities, alerts were transmitted to nurses via email. Using specific questionnaires, the opinions of 13 OA, 13 FC, and 20 nurses were collected at the end of 12-months follow-up focusing on user experience and the impact of in-home monitoring on home care services. Results:The majority of OA, FC, and nurses considered that in-home sensors can help with staying at home, improving home care and quality of life, preventing domestic accidents, and reducing family stress. The opinion tended to be more frequently favorable toward ambient sensors (76%; 95% CI: 61-87%) than toward wearable sensors (Activity tracker: 65%; 95% CI: 50-79%); ECG: 60%; 95% CI: 45-75%). On average, OA (74%; 95% CI: 46-95%) and FC (70%; 95% CI: 39-91%) tended to be more enthusiastic than nurses (60%; 95% CI: 36-81%). Some barriers reported by nurses were a fear of weakening of the relationship with OA and lack of time. Discussion/Conclusion:Overall, the opinions of OA, FC, and nurses were positively related to in-home sensors, with nurses being less enthusiastic about their use in clinical practice.

2020

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Despite unquestionable evidence that glucose is the major energy substrate for the brain, data collected over several decades with different approaches suggest that lactate may represent a supplementary metabolic substrate for neurons. Starting with the pioneering work of McIlwain in the early 1950s which showed that lactate can sustain the respiratory rate of small brain tissue pieces, this idea receives confirmation with more recent studies using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy undoubtedly demonstrating that lactate is efficiently oxidized by neurons, both in vitro and in vivo. Not only is lactate able to maintain ATP levels and promote neuronal survival but it was also found to support neuronal activity, at least if low levels of glucose are present. Despite the early suggestion for a role of astrocytes in metabolic supply to neurons, it is only recently however that they have been considered as a potential source of lactate for neurons. Moreover, it has been proposed that astrocytes might provide lactate to neurons in response to enhanced synaptic activity by a well-characterized mechanism involving glutamate uptake. The description of specific transporters for lactate on both astrocytes and neurons further suggest that there exist a coordinated mechanism of lactate exchange between the two cell types. Thus it is proposed that astrocytes play a nursing role toward neurons by providing lactate as an additional energy substrate especially during periods of enhanced synaptic activity. The importance of this metabolic cooperation within the central nervous system, although not unique if compared to other organs, still remains to be explored.

2002

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Evaluation of 1-Year in-Home Monitoring Technology by Home-Dwelling Older Adults, Family Caregivers, and Nurses

Philipp Buluschek, Daniel Gatica-Perez, Bruno Pais

2020