Doctor of PhilosophyA Doctor of Philosophy (PhD, Ph.D., or DPhil; Latin: philosophiae doctor or doctor philosophiae) is the most common degree at the highest academic level, awarded following a course of study and research. PhDs are awarded for programs across the whole breadth of academic fields. Because it is an earned research degree, those studying for a PhD are required to produce original research that expands the boundaries of knowledge, normally in the form of a dissertation, and defend their work before a panel of other experts in the field.
Bachelor of ScienceLe Bachelor of Science (BSc) ou le Baccalauréat ès sciences (B.Sc.) au Canada est un grade universitaire existant dans de nombreux pays. Il est obtenu après trois années d'étude en Grande-Bretagne, Pays de Galles, Irlande du Nord, Québec, Singapour, Australie, Nouvelle-Zélande, Hong Kong et Afrique du Sud et quatre années dans le reste de l'Amérique du Nord, en Irlande et en Écosse. Ce terme est souvent abrégé en B.Sc. ou B.S. (plus rarement en S.B. ou Sc.B.), initiales de l'expression latine Baccalaureus Scientiæ.
Chemistry Quality EurolabelsThe Chemistry Quality Eurolabels or European Quality Labels in Chemistry (Labels européens de Qualité en Chimie) is a marketing scheme for chemistry degrees at institutions located within the 45 countries involved in the Bologna process. Labels are awarded to qualifying institutions under the names are Eurobachelor and Euromaster, as well as the proposed Eurodoctorate. Label Committee not only prepares for the ECTN Administrative Council proposals to award the Eurolabels but also judge the quality of chemical education programmes at HEIs.
Master of ArtsLe Master of Arts est un grade universitaire existant dans de nombreux domaines de tradition universitaire anglo-saxonne. Le titulaire d'une Master of Arts porte le titre de maitre (abrégé MA, on peut également trouver l'abréviation AM qui vient de l'expression latine Magister Artium). Ce Master existe dans les domaines tels que les matières relevant des humanités et des sciences sociales, l'histoire, la littérature, les langues, la linguistique, administration publique, science politique, communication, droit ou diplomatie ; cependant, différentes universités ont des conventions différentes et peuvent également offrir le diplôme pour des domaines généralement considérés dans les sciences naturelles et les mathématiques.
Master's degree in EuropeMaster's degrees in Europe are the second cycle of the Bologna process, following on from undergraduate bachelor's degrees and preceeding third cycle doctorates. Master's degrees typically take two years to complete, although the number of years varies between countries, and correspond to 60 – 120 ECTS credits. Within the European Higher Education Area, representing almost all countries in Europe, master's degrees are referenced to the Framework of Qualifications for the European Higher Education Area and national qualifications frameworks.
Undergraduate educationUndergraduate education is education conducted after secondary education and before postgraduate education. It typically includes all postsecondary programs up to the level of a bachelor's degree. For example, in the United States, an entry-level university student is known as an undergraduate, while students of higher degrees are known as graduate students. Upon completion of a number of required and elective courses as part of an undergraduate program, the student would earn the corresponding degree.
Bachelor's degreeA bachelor's degree (from Middle Latin baccalaureus) or baccalaureate (from Modern Latin baccalaureatus) is an undergraduate academic degree awarded by colleges and universities upon completion of a course of study lasting three to six years (depending on institution and academic discipline). The two most common bachelor's degrees are the Bachelor of Arts (BA) and the Bachelor of Science (BS or BSc).
Postgraduate educationPostgraduate education, graduate education, or grad school, refers to academic or professional degrees, certificates, diplomas, or other qualifications usually pursued by post-secondary students who have earned an undergraduate (bachelor's) degree. The organization and structure of postgraduate education varies in different countries, as well as in different institutions within countries.
ThèseUne thèse (du nom grec thesis, se traduisant par « action de poser ») est une affirmation ou prise de position d'un locuteur, à l'égard du sujet ou du thème qu'il évoque. En philosophie et rhétorique, une thèse est une affirmation, qui peut se résumer en une simple phrase, mais est généralement soutenue par un ensemble organisé d'hypothèses, d'arguments et de conclusions. Il s'agit donc de la position d'un auteur, d’une école, d’une doctrine ou d’un mouvement sur un sujet donné.
Credit Accumulation and Transfer SchemeCredit Accumulation and Transfer Scheme (CATS) is used by many universities in the United Kingdom to monitor, record and reward passage through a modular degree course and to facilitate movement between courses and institutions. One UK credit is equivalent to the learning outcomes of 10 notional hours of study, thus a university course of 150 notional study hours is worth 15 credits, and a university course of 300 notional study hours is worth 30 credits.