Onde de plasma | EPFL Graph Search

En physique, une onde de plasma est une propagation concertée de particules et de champs. Un plasma se comporte comme un fluide, quasineutre et conducteur. Dans les cas les plus simples, il se compose d'électrons et d'une seule espèce d'ions. Dans des cas plus complexes, on trouve plusieurs espèces d'ions, et même des particules neutres. À cause de sa conductivité électrique, le plasma est couplé aux champs magnétique et électrique. Ce système de particules et de champs permet une grande variété d'ondes. Classification Ondes électrostatiques et électromagnétiques Les ondes de plasma peuvent être « électromagnétiques » ou « électrostatiques », selon qu'il y ait ou non un champ magnétique oscillant. En utilisant la loi de Faraday pour l'induction à des ondes planes, on trouve : :\mathbf{k} \times \tilde{ \mathbf{E} } = \omega \tilde{ \mathbf{B} }. Ainsi, les ondes électrostatiques ne peuvent être que longitudinales. Une onde électromagnétique, en reva

Linear theory of electron-plasma waves at arbitrary collisionality

Stephan Brunner, Rogério Manuel Cabete De Jesus Jorge, Sonia Gamba, Vyacheslav Konovets, Paolo Ricci

The dynamics of electron-plasma waves is described at arbitrary collisionality by considering the full Coulomb collision operator. The description is based on a Hermite–Laguerre decomposition of the velocity dependence of the electron distribution function. The damping rate, frequency and eigenmode spectrum of electron-plasma waves are found as functions of the collision frequency and wavelength. A comparison is made between the collisionless Landau damping limit, the Lenard–Bernstein and Dougherty collision operators and the electron–ion collision operator, finding large deviations in the damping rates and eigenmode spectra. A purely damped entropy mode, characteristic of a plasma where pitch-angle scattering effects are dominant with respect to collisionless effects, is shown to emerge numerically, and its dispersion relation is analytically derived. It is shown that such a mode is absent when simplified collision operators are used, and that like-particle collisions strongly influence the damping rate of the entropy mode.

2019

Changes in particle transport as a result of resonant magnetic perturbations in DIII-D

Holger Reimerdes

In this paper, we introduce the first direct perturbed particle transport measurements in resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) H-mode plasmas. The perturbed particle transport increases as a result of application of RMP deep into the core. In the core, a large reduction in E × B shear to a value below the linear growth rate, in conjunction with increasing density fluctuations, is consistent with an increase in turbulent particle transport. In the edge, the changes in turbulent particle transport are less obvious. There is a clear correlation between the linear growth rates and the density fluctuations measured at different scales, but it is uncertain which is the cause and which is the consequence. © 2012 American Institute of Physics.

American Institute of Physics2012

A moment-based model for plasma dynamics at arbitrary collisionality

Rogério Manuel Cabete De Jesus Jorge

Despite significant development over the last decades, a model able to describe the periphery region of magnetic confinement fusion devices, extending from the edge to the far scrape-off layer, is still missing. This is because this region is characterized by the presence of turbulent fluctuations at scales ranging from the Larmor radius to the size of the machine, the presence of strong flows, comparable amplitudes of background and fluctuating components, and a large range of collisionality regimes. The lack of a proper model has undermined our ability to properly simulate the plasma dynamics in this region, which is necessary to predict the heat flux to the vessel wall of future fusion devices, the L-H transition, and ELM dynamics. These are some of the most important issues on the way to a fusion reactor. In the present thesis, a drift-kinetic and a gyrokinetic model able to describe the plasma dynamics in the tokamak periphery are developed, which take into account electrostatic fluctuations at all relevant scales, allowing for comparable amplitudes of background and fluctuating components. In addition, the models implement a full Coulomb collision operator, and are therefore valid at arbitrary collisionality regimes. For an efficient numerical implementation of the models, the resulting kinetic equations are projected onto a Hermite-Laguerre velocity-space polynomial basis, obtaining a moment-hierarchy. The treatment of arbitrary collisionalities is performed by expressing the full Coulomb collision operator in guiding-center and gyrocentre coordinates, and by providing a closed formula for its gyroaverage in terms of the moments of the plasma distribution function, therefore filling a long standing gap in the literature. The use of systematic closures to truncate the moment-hierarchy equation, such as the semi-collisional closure, allows for the straightforward adjustment of the kinetic physics content of the model. In the electrostatic high collisionality regime, our models are therefore reduced to an improved set of drift-reduced Braginskii equations, which are widely used in scrape-off layer simulations. The first numerical studies based on our models are carried out, shedding light on the interplay between collisional, using the Coulomb collision operator, and collisionless mechanisms. In particular, the dynamics of electron-plasma waves and the drift-wave instability are studied at arbitrary collisionality. A comparison is made with the collisionless limit and simplified collision operators used in state-of-the-art simulation codes, where large deviations in the growth rates and eigenmode spectra are found, especially at the levels of collisionality relevant for present and future magnetic confinement fusion devices.

EPFL2019

A moment-based model for plasma dynamics at arbitrary collisionality

Rogério Manuel Cabete De Jesus Jorge

EPFL2019