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Concept
Hizbul Mujahideen
Résumé
Hizbul Mujahideen, also spelled Hizb-ul-Mujahideen (حزب المجاھدین, ), is an Islamist militant organization operating in the Kashmir region. Its goal is to separate Kashmir from India and merge it with Pakistan. It is one of the most important players that evolved the narrative of the Kashmir conflict from nationalism to radical jihad.
Founded in September 1989 as an umbrella group of Islamist militants, Hizbul Mujahideen quickly came under the control of Jamaat-e-Islami Kashmir – it is considered the military wing of Jamaat-e-Islami. It was supported, since its inception, by Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI). The organisation's headquarters is located in Muzaffarabad in Pakistani-administered Kashmir, with liaison offices in Islamabad and Rawalpindi, Pakistan's political capital and military headquarters respectively.
The group has claimed responsibility for multiple armed attacks in Kashmir. It has been designated a terrorist group by the European Union, India, Canada, and the United States. It remains a lawfully-operating organisation in Pakistan.
The efforts for the creation of the Hizbul Mujahideen go back to 1980, when Pakistani President Zia ul-Haq called the chief of Jamaat-e-Islami in Azad Kashmir, Maulana Abdul Bari, and asked for assistance in raising an insurgency in Indian-administered Kashmir. Zia said that he would be able to divert funds and resources from the American-sponsored war in Afghanistan for a conflict in Kashmir.
Bari travelled to the Kashmir Valley and met with the leaders of Jamaat-e-Islami Kashmir. Protracted negotiations continued for three years when finally, the founding amir of the Jamaat-e-Islami Kashmir, Maulana Saaduddin Tarabali, was invited for a meeting with Zia ul-Haq in May 1983. Saaduddin wanted complete operational control of the insurgency, with Pakistan's role limited to military training and financial support. Pakistan agreed albeit reluctantly, and a deal was struck. Maulana Saaduddin sent his own son as part of the first group of volunteers for military training.
Source officielle
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