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The chloride channel (ClC) protein family comprises both chloride (Cl-) channels and chloride/proton (Cl/H+) antiporters. In prokaryotes and eukaryotes, these proteins mediate the movement of Cl- ions across the membrane. In eukaryotes, ClC proteins play a ...
We studied the flocculation mechanism at the molecular level by determining the atomic structures of N-Flo1p and N-Lg-Flo1p in complex with their ligands. We show that they have similar ligand binding mechanisms but distinct carbohydrate specificities and ...
Among the few proteins shown to be secreted by the Tat system in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Rv2525c is of particular interest, since its gene is conserved in the minimal genome of Mycobacterium leprae. Previous evidence linked this protein to cell wall me ...
Bacterial type III secretion systems or injectisomes are multiprotein complexes directly transporting bacterial effector proteins into eukaryotic host cells. To investigate the distribution of injectisomes in the bacterium and the influence of activation o ...
Lipids, as vital eukaryotic cellular components, play a major role in cell, tissue and organ physiology. Alterations of lipid enzymes and metabolic pathways are related to many human diseases, such as cancer, diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. In thi ...
Alternative splicing is now recognized as a major mechanism for transcriptome and proteome diversity in higher eukaryotes, yet its evolution is poorly understood. Most studies focus on the evolution of exons and introns at the gene level, while only few co ...
The human pathogen Vibrio cholerae is an autochthonous inhabitant of aquatic environments where it often interacts with zooplankton and their chitinous molts. Chitin induces natural competence for transformation in V. cholerae, a key mode of horizontal gen ...
Gene expression is dynamic and heterogeneous across all cell types. It serves several fundamental functions such as adaptation for changing environment and developing tissue specific phenotype and functionality during development and in adult organism. Con ...
Background The diversity of the symbiotic dinoflagellate Symbiodinium sp., as assessed by genetic markers, is well established. To what extent this diversity is reflected on the amino acid level of functional genes such as enzymatic antioxidants that play ...
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is widespread in bacteria and archaea and plays a significant role in prokaryotic evolution. One mode of HGT is natural competence for genetic transformation, which allows the organism to take up free DNA from its surrounding ...