Mystery is a fiction genre where the nature of an event, usually a murder or other crime, remains mysterious until the end of the story. Often within a closed circle of suspects, each suspect is usually provided with a credible motive and a reasonable opportunity for committing the crime. The central character is often a detective (such as Sherlock Holmes), who eventually solves the mystery by logical deduction from facts presented to the reader. Some mystery books are non-fiction. Mystery fiction can be detective stories in which the emphasis is on the puzzle or suspense element and its logical solution such as a whodunit. Mystery fiction can be contrasted with hardboiled detective stories, which focus on action and gritty realism.
Mystery fiction can involve a supernatural mystery in which the solution does not have to be logical and even in which there is no crime involved. This usage was common in the pulp magazines of the 1930s and 1940s, whose titles such as Dime Mystery, Thrilling Mystery and Spicy Mystery offered what were then described as complicated to solve and weird stories: supernatural horror in the vein of Grand Guignol. That contrasted with parallel titles of the same names which contained conventional hardboiled crime fiction. The first use of "mystery" in that sense was by Dime Mystery, which started out as an ordinary crime fiction magazine but switched to "weird menace" during the later part of 1933.
The genre of mystery novels is a young form of literature that has developed since the early 19th century. The rise of literacy began in the years of the English Renaissance and, as people began to read over time, they became more individualistic in their thinking. As people became more individualistic in their thinking, they developed a respect for human reason and the ability to solve problems.
Perhaps a reason that mystery fiction was unheard of before the 19th century was due in part to the lack of true police forces. Before the Industrial Revolution, many towns would have constables and a night watchman at best.
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Erle Stanley Gardner (Malden, Massachusetts, - Temecula, Californie, ) est un écrivain américain de romans policiers. Lui-même ancien avocat, il est le créateur du personnage de Perry Mason, l'avocat détective, interprété à la télévision par Raymond Burr puis par Matthew Rhys. Il publie également, sous le pseudonyme de A. A. Fair, les aventures de Donald Lam et Bertha Cool et plusieurs autres romans sous divers pseudonymes : Kyle Corning, Charles M. Green, Carleton Kendrake, Charles J. Kenny, Robert Parr et Les Tillray.
Ngaio Marsh, née le à Christchurch, dans la région de Canterbury (Nouvelle-Zélande), et morte dans la même ville le , est une dramaturge et auteure néo-zélandaise de romans policiers. Ses parents lui donnent le prénom de Ngaio qui signifie « lumière dans les arbres », en langue māori. Diplômée en Beaux-Arts de l'Université de Canterbury de sa ville natale de Christchurch en 1920, elle se sent attirée, à l'exemple de ses parents comédiens, par le théâtre. Entre 1920 et 1923, elle prend part à de nombreuses tournées en Nouvelle-Zélande et en Australie.
Genre fiction, also known as formula fiction or popular fiction, is a term used in the book-trade for fictional works written with the intent of fitting into a specific literary genre in order to appeal to readers and fans already familiar with that genre. A number of major literary figures have written genre fiction. John Banville publishes crime novels as Benjamin Black, and both Doris Lessing and Margaret Atwood have written science fiction.