PirnA pirn is a rod onto which weft thread is wound for use in weaving. Unlike a bobbin, it is fixed in place, and the thread is delivered off the end of the pirn rather than from the centre. A typical pirn is made of wood or plastic and is slightly tapered for most of its length, flaring out more sharply at the base, which fits over a pin in the shuttle. Pirns are wound from the base forward in order to ensure snag-free delivery of the thread, unlike bobbins, which are wound evenly from end to end.
Flying shuttleThe flying shuttle is a type of weaving shuttle. It was a pivotal advancement in the mechanisation of weaving during the initial stages of the Industrial Revolution, and facilitated the weaving of considerably broader fabrics, enabling the production of wider textiles. Moreover, its mechanical implementation paved the way for the introduction of automatic machine looms. The brainchild of John Kay, the flying shuttle received a patent in the year 1733.
Warp and weftWarp and weft are the two basic components used in weaving to turn thread or yarn into fabric. The lengthwise or longitudinal warp yarns are held stationary in tension on a frame or loom while the horizontal weft (sometimes woof) is drawn through and inserted over and under the warp. A single thread of the weft crossing the warp is called a pick. Terms vary (for instance, in North America, the weft is sometimes referred to as the fill or the filling yarn). Each individual warp thread in a fabric is called a warp end or end.
Textile manufacturingTextile manufacturing (or textile engineering) is a major industry. It is largely based on the conversion of fibre into yarn, then yarn into fabric. These are then dyed or printed, fabricated into cloth which is then converted into useful goods such as clothing, household items, upholstery and various industrial products. Different types of fibres are used to produce yarn. Cotton remains the most widely used and common natural fiber making up 90% of all-natural fibers used in the textile industry.
Tissagevignette|Fil de chaîne (1) et fil de trame (2). vignette|Femme indienne tissant avec un métier à tisser manuel. Le tissage est un procédé de production de tissu dans laquelle deux ensembles distincts de filés ou fils sont entrelacés à angle droit pour former l'étoffe. Les autres méthodes sont le tricot, la dentelle et le feutrage. Les fils dans la longueur du tissu sont appelés fils de chaîne et les fils perpendiculaires à la chaîne sont les fils de trame ou de remplissage.
Power loomA power loom is a mechanized loom, and was one of the key developments in the industrialization of weaving during the early Industrial Revolution. The first power loom was designed and patented in 1785 by Edmund Cartwright. It was refined over the next 47 years until a design by the Howard and Bullough company made the operation completely automatic. This device was designed in 1834 by James Bullough and William Kenworthy, and was named the Lancashire loom. By the year 1850, there were a total of around 260,000 power loom operations in England.
Métier à tisserUn métier à tisser est une machine utilisée par un tisserand pour fabriquer du tissu. Il peut être industriel comme dans l'industrie textile (production de textile), ou manuel. Malgré les progrès mécaniques, le fonctionnement de base est resté le même depuis des siècles : le métier à tisser fixe les fils de chaîne selon la tension désirée, tout en permettant le passage des fils de trame, perpendiculairement, entre les fils de chaîne. Une lisse, lice ou aiguille est un composant de métier à tisser.
