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Concept
Banque de dépôt
Résumé
A commercial bank is a financial institution which accepts deposits from the public and gives loans for the purposes of consumption and investment to make profit.
It can also refer to a bank or a division of a large ban, which deals with corporations or a large or middle-sized business, to differentiate it from a retail bank and an investment bank. Commercial banks include private sector banks and public sector banks.
History of banking
The name bank derives from the Italian word banco "desk/bench", used during the Italian Renaissance era by Florentine bankers, who used to carry out their transactions on a desk covered by a green tablecloth. However, traces of banking activity can be found even in ancient times.
In the United States, the term commercial bank was often used to distinguish it from an investment bank due to differences in bank regulation. After the Great Depression, through the Glass–Steagall Act, the U.S. Congress required that commercial banks only engage in banking activities, whereas investment banks were limited to capital market activities. This separation was mostly repealed in 1999 by the Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act.
The general role of commercial banks is to provide financial services to the general public and business, ensuring economic and social stability and sustainable growth of the economy.
In this respect, credit creation is the most significant function of commercial banks. While sanctioning a loan to a customer, they do not provide cash to the borrower. Instead, they open a deposit account from which the borrower can withdraw. In other words, while sanctioning a loan, they automatically create deposits.
Commercial banks accept various types of deposits from the public especially from its clients, including saving asccount deposits and fixed deposits. These deposits are returned whenever the customer demands itthemr after a certain time period.
Commercial banks provide loans and advances of various forms, Such as [overdraf] facility, cash credit, bill discounting, money at call, etc.
Source officielle
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