Concept

St. Roch's Church, Białystok

Résumé
St. Roch Roman Catholic Church in Białystok, Poland was built between 1927 and 1946 in a modernistic style, designed by renowned Polish architect, professor Oskar Sosnowski. Its official name is Church-Monument of Poland's Regained Independence (Kościoł-Pomnik Odzyskania Niepodległości) and it stands on the Saint Roch hill on Lipowa Street in Białystok, in the spot where a Roman Catholic cemetery, founded in 1839, once stood. The cemetery was profaned by the Russians during the January Uprising. The postulate to build a church on a hill dominating the city center has been submitted by the faithful for many decades. However, such an exposed location could not be approved by the tsarist governorate authorities, which consistently refused to consent to subsequent petitions on this matter. The plans were resumed in the independent Republic of Poland, when the newly erected parish was taken over by Father Adam Abramowicz. In cooperation with the Circle of Architects in Warsaw, at the initiative of local provost, reverend Adam Abramowicz, in April 1926 a competition was announced for a new church on St. Roch in Białystok. It contained an unequivocal postulate about the symbolic idea of the building, which was to have the dimension of a monument as "a monument to the revival of the independence of the Fatherland". The competition became an important event in the artistic life of the interwar Polish Republic and played an important role in the development of modern Polish architectural thought. Among 70 complex works, formally and stylistically diverse, there are several bold design concepts, operating in an avant-garde form and innovative spatial solutions. The commission, composed of Karol Jankowski, Marian Lalewicz and Czesław Przybylski, as well as priest Adam Abramowicz and district architect J. Kummant, at the meeting on July 7, 1926 awarded the first prize to the team: Władysław Schwarzenberg-Czerny, Jan Karżewski and Jerzy Woyzbun.
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