Human spaceflight programs

Human spaceflight programs have been conducted, started, or planned by multiple countries and companies. The age of manned rocket flight was initiated by Fritz von Opel who piloted the world's first rocket-propelled flight on 30 September 1929. All space flights depend on rocket technology; von Opel was the co-designer and financier of the visionary project. Until the 21st century, human spaceflight programs were sponsored exclusively by governments, through either the military or civilian space agencies. With the launch of the privately funded SpaceShipOne in 2004, a new category of human spaceflight programs – commercial human spaceflight – arrived. By the end of 2022, three countries (Soviet Union/Russia, United States and China) and one private company (SpaceX) had successfully launched humans to Earth orbit, and two private companies (Scaled Composites and Blue Origin) had launched humans on a suborbital trajectory. The criteria for what constitutes human spaceflight vary. The Fédération Aéronautique Internationale defines spaceflight as any flight over . In the United States professional, military, and commercial astronauts who travel above an altitude of are awarded the United States Astronaut Badge. This article follows the FAI definition of spaceflight. List of government space agencies#List of space agencies with human spaceflight capability Programs in this section are sorted by the years when the first successful crewed spaceflight took place. The Vostok program was a project that succeeded in putting a person into orbit for the first time. Sergei Korolev and Konstantin Feoktistov began, in June 1956, crewed spacecraft research. The program developed the Vostok spacecraft from the Zenit spy satellite project and adapted the Vostok rocket from an existing ICBM design. Just before the first release of the name Vostok to the press, it was a classified word. By August/September 1958 a division had been formed devoted to producing the first Vostok craft.

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Concepts associés (37)

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Séances de cours associées (39)

MOOCs associés (2)

EE-582: Lessons learned from the space exploration

The objective of the course is to present with different viewpoints, the lessons learned which lead to the decisions in the space exploration and their consequences today and for the decades to come.

EE-585: Space mission design and operations

This course is a "concepts" course. It introduces a variety of concepts in use in the design of a space mission, manned or unmanned, and in space operations. it is partly based on the practical space

Space Mission Design and Operations

Learn the concepts used in the design of space missions, manned or unmanned, and operations, based on the professional experience of the lecturer.

Space Mission Design and Operations

Learn the concepts used in the design of space missions, manned or unmanned, and operations, based on the professional experience of the lecturer.

Human spaceflight programs

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

vignette|Lancement du Saturn V, lanceur du programme Apollo, projet emblématique de la NASA. La National Aeronautics and Space Administration (en français : « Administration nationale de l'aéronautique et de l'espace »), plus connue sous son acronyme NASA, est l'agence fédérale responsable de la majeure partie du programme spatial civil des États-Unis. La recherche aéronautique relève également du domaine de la NASA. Depuis sa création le , la NASA joue mondialement un rôle dominant dans le domaine du vol spatial habité, de l'exploration du Système solaire et de la recherche spatiale.

Programme Constellation

Le programme Constellation (, souvent abrégé en CxP) est un programme d'exploration spatiale de la NASA annulé en 2010, dont le principal objectif est l'envoi d'astronautes sur la Lune vers 2020 pour des missions de longue durée. Ce programme concrétise la stratégie spatiale américaine à long terme définie par le président George W. Bush en intitulé Vision for Space Exploration visant à relancer l'exploration du Système solaire par des missions habitées.

Espace humain: Introduction à la géographie MOOC: Explorer l’espace des humains: une introduction à la géographicité

Introduit le concept de l'espace humain et de la géographie, soulignant l'importance du monde comme l'espace le plus englobant habité par les humains.

Vol spatial humain : vue d'ensemble MOOC: Space Mission Design and Operations

Couvre les vols spatiaux humains, les missions de la navette spatiale, la station spatiale internationale et les télescopes spatiaux.

Conception et opérations de la mission spatiale

Couvre la conception des missions spatiales, le vaisseau spatial SpaceX, les systèmes de contrôle d'attitude, les vols spatiaux humains et les attaches spatiales.