View model

Résumé

A view model or viewpoints framework in systems engineering, software engineering, and enterprise engineering is a framework which defines a coherent set of views to be used in the construction of a system architecture, software architecture, or enterprise architecture. A view is a representation of the whole system from the perspective of a related set of concerns. Since the early 1990s there have been a number of efforts to prescribe approaches for describing and analyzing system architectures. These recent efforts define a set of views (or viewpoints). They are sometimes referred to as architecture frameworks or enterprise architecture frameworks, but are usually called "view models". Usually a view is a work product that presents specific architecture data for a given system. However, the same term is sometimes used to refer to a view definition, including the particular viewpoint and the corresponding guidance that defines each concrete view. The term view model is related to

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/View_model

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This course teaches the basics of modern software development: designing software, working in a team, writing good code, shipping software, and evolving software. It emphasizes building software that meets high standards of quality, reliability, security, and manageability.

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Object-oriented method and architecture for virtual private network service management

One of the major trends in the evolution of current corporate networking is an increasing need for high performance long distance communications. Provided as an alternative to leased lines networks, virtual private networks (VPNs) are gaining increasing acceptance among customers and network providers by providing corporate networking between geographically dispersed customer premises based on a shared public switched network infrastructure. As a contribution towards this evolution, the present thesis proposes a generic object-oriented architecture for open distributed VPN services integrating service and management issues all along the modeling process. The aim of this VPN architecture is not only to provide a descriptive model of VPNs but also to illustrate possible ways of operating on that model to solve VPN related service or management issues. The architecture proposed is generic in the sense that, firstly, it is network technology independent and, secondly, that it captures the fundamental characteristics common to all VPNs. This latter aspect is very important as, due to the lack of standardization in this area, current VPNs are more marketable products than well-defined telecommunications services. The notion of distribution is also very important as telecommunications systems in general, and VPNs in particular, are intrinsically distributed. Indeed, a VPN can be seen as a distributed application running on the multiple nodes of telecommunications networks. To effectively deal with this de facto distribution and to exploit at best the benefits it can provide the VPN service and management services have been conceived from the very beginning as distributed applications. For this purpose, and due to the lack of satisfactory existing solutions in this area, an object-oriented method for the specification and design of open distributed telecommunications and management services has been developed. The proposed method combines the ODP (Open Distributed Processing) concepts and stucturing rules with the systematic development process advocated by an object-oriented software engineering method called Fusion. This method provides an architectural framework and a seamless thread from problem definition to the realization of the distributed telecommunications system, based on hierarchically related abstraction levels. Mapping rules, guidelines and notations are proposed on how and when enterprise, information and computational models should be built, in particular based on models performed at a higher abstraction level. The method has then been applied to the specification of the generic VPN architecture itself. In the enterprise viewpoint the scope of the VPN service has been refined and limited to the provision, within the public domain boundary, of internetworking services between customer premises networks. The main actors involved in using, providing and managing the VPN service have been described as well as interactions between them. Based on their requirements, fundamental VPN characteristics have been identified, among which the notions of virtual resource and of closed user group are the most relevant. In the information viewpoint, a generic object-oriented network information model has been developed based on standard network resources. This model has been recursively applied to specify the object models pertaining to the different layers of the VPN architecture. Based on this architecture, a management service allowing customers to dynamically configure the logical connectivity of their VPN has been specified down to the network elements level. The realization of this functionality in terms of application components suitable for distribution and interactions between them has been the purpose of the computational viewpoint. Finally, the generic VPN architecture has been refined and applied to the particular context of ATM-based VPNs. In addition to describing how VPNs can be built on ATM networks this case study addresses a very important issue in such an environment, narnely bandwidth management. In this respect, an open distributed VPN bandwidth management service has been specified that allows VPN customers to dynamically modify the bandwidth allocated to the virtual path connections connecting the different sites of their organization. The final outcome of this specification process is the definition of a computational architecture for VPN bandwidth management extending from VPN level down to the physical network elements. This work has been carried out in the frame of the RACE (Research and Development in Advanced Communications Technologies in Europe) project R2041 PRISM (Pan-European Reference Configuration for IBC Services Management).

EPFL1996

Chargement

This dissertation considers mechatronic systems driven by piezoelectric ultrasonic motors (PUM). The focus is set on optimal system design and sensorless position control. Mechatronic industry faces the challenge to deliver ever more efficient and reliable products while being confronted to increasingly short time to market demands and economic constraints driven by competition. Although optimal design strategies are applied to master this challenge, they do not entirely respond to the given circumstances, as often only local criteria are optimised. In order to obtain a globally optimal solution, the many subfunctions of a mechatronic system and their models must be interrelated and evaluated concurrently from the very beginning of the design process. In this context PUM have been used increasingly during the last decade for various positioning applications in the field of mechatronic systems, laboratory equipment, and consumer electronics where their performances are superior to conventional electromechanical drive systems based on DC or BLDC motors. The position of the mobile component must be controlled. In some cases open-loop control is a solution, but more often than not sensors are used as feedback device in closed-loop control. Sensors are expensive, large in size and add fragile hardware to the device that compromises its reliability. Thus, not only the superior performance is not fully exploited but also the economical feasibility of the PUM drive system is jeopardised. Replacing sensors by advanced control techniques is an approach to these problems that is well established in the field of BLDC motors. Those sensorless control strategies are not directly transferrable, because of the fundamentally different working principles of PUM. Hence, the research of sensorless closed-loop position control techniques applicable to PUM and their validation with digitally controlled functional models is the very topic of this thesis. We propose a dedicated design methodology to this statement of the problem. A core model of the mechatronic system is conceived as general and simple as possible. It then develops for the different interrelated views reflecting the mechanical, electromechanical, drive electronic, sensorial and digital control functions of the global system. Each one becoming more specific and detailed in this process, the different views still enable mutual constraint adjustments and the dynamic integration of results from the other views during the design process. Starting with the stator of the PUM, a view describes the mechanical displacement. An electric equivalent model is written such that power input from the drive electronics is related to the mechanical energy transmitted to the mechanics. The resulting differential equations are solved by the finite element method (FEM). Position feedback configurations in the mobile part of the PUM are modelled analytically in order to be implemented in digital control and their electrical implications are updated to the stator model. In this way, sensors do not necessarily materialise physically any more, but are distributed among the mechanical configuration, the drive electronics and the digital controller. With respect to the sensor data, the controller is not simply receiving finalised data on the measured system parameter, but rather implements the sensor itself in software. Finally, the position detection performance obtained with the aforementioned design methodology was evaluated with the example of mechatronic locking devices actuated by custom-made as well as OEM motors. Functional models of motors, electronics and digital controllers were used to identify the limits of the proposed methods, and suggestions for further research were deduced. These results contribute to the development of robust sensorless position controllers for PUM.

EPFL2010

Chargement

Common Domain Objects in the RM-ODP Viewpoints

An important standardisation effort is in progress within the Object Management Group (OMG) regarding domain computing facilities and common domain objects. In this paper, we investigate the very idea of common objects within the Reference Model for Open Distributed Processing (RM-ODP). We show that common objects are in fact common object templates, that different kinds of templates are needed for different viewpoint models, and that agreeing on common object templates is particularly useful for information modelling.

1998

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EPFL2010

Object-oriented method and architecture for virtual private network service management

EPFL1996