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Concept
Viceroy's commissioned officer
Résumé
A viceroy's commissioned officer (VCO) was a senior Indian member of the Indian Army, during the British Raj. VCOs were senior in rank to warrant officers in the British Army, and held a commission issued by the viceroy. Also known as "Indian officers" or "native officers", they had authority only over Indian troops and were subordinate to all British King's (resp. Queen's) commissioned officers (KCO resp. QCO), Indian Commissioned Officers (ICO) and King's commissioned Indian officers (KCIO).
Similar ranks, as listed below, are retained in the Indian Army and Pakistan Army. There, they are known as junior commissioned officers.
Under the British, there was a clear colonial context, with the VCOs being the highest ranks that an Indian could attain. The full commissioned officers were British, from the 18th century up to the beginning of the 20th century. However, that changed slowly under the principles of Indianisation. In 1905, a special (or one could say better a 'crippled' form) of King's Commission in His Majesty's Native Land Forces was instituted. Indians who had qualified through the Imperial Cadet Corps would earn a commission that was limited to have authority over Indian troops only and its holders could not rise above the rank of Major. From 1917, in the midst of World War I, Indians 'with good family background' became eligible to study at the Royal Military College, Sandhurst and then earn a commission as King's Commissioned Indian Officer (KCIO). By the time of independence in 1947, there were many Indian (and Pakistani) officers who had graduated from Sandhurst or the Indian Military Academy.
In 1914, ranks held by VCOs were:
Cavalry
Rissaldar-Major (native 'Major', adviser to the British officers and commander)
Rissaldar (native 'Captain', troop commander)
Ressaidar (native 'Lieutenant', junior troop commander)
Jemadar (native 'Second Lieutenant', platoon commander)
Infantry, Indian Garrison Artillery, Indian Mountain Artillery and other arms
Subadar-Major (native 'Major', adviser to the British officers and commander)
Subadar (native 'Lieutenant', company commander)
Jemadar (native 'Second Lieutenant', platoon commander)
As a company commander a Subadar was roughly equivalent to a native Infantry 'Captain'.
Source officielle
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