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Chlorination followed by chloramination can be used to mitigate the formation of potentially toxic iodinated disinfection byproducts (I-DBPs) while controlling the formation of regulated chloro-bromo-DBPs (Cl-/Br-DBPs). Water samples containing dissolved o ...
During ozonation of drinking water, the fungicide metabolite NN-dimethyIsulfamide (DMS) can be transformed into a highly toxic product, N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA). We used quantum chemical computations and stopped-flow experiments to evaluate a chemical ...
During chlorination of bromide-containing waters, a significant formation of brominated disinfection byproducts is expected. This is of concern because Br-DBPs are generally more toxic than their chlorinated analogues. In this study, synthetic water sample ...
As ocean-going ships begin implementing chemical disinfection to treat ballast water, the potential formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) is an important issue of concern. This is especially critical since ballast waters are often saline, and the in ...
Bromide (Br-) is present in all water sources at concentrations ranging from similar to 10 to >1000 mu g L-1 in fresh waters and about 67 mg L-1 in seawater. During oxidative water treatment bromide is oxidized to hypobromous acid/hypobromite (HOBr/OBr-) a ...
The oxidation of dissolved manganese(II) (Mn(II)) during chlorination is a relatively slow process which may lead to residual Mn(II) in treated drinking waters. Chemical Mn(II) oxidation is autocatalytic and consists of a homogeneous and a heterogeneous pr ...
HOBr, formed via oxidation of bromide by free available chlorine (FAC), is frequently assumed to be the sole species responsible for generating brominated disinfection byproducts (DBPs). Our studies reveal that BrCl, Br-2, BrOCl, and Br2O can also serve as ...
N,N-Dimethylsulfamide (DMS), a newly identified, ubiquitous degradation product of the fungicide tolylfluanide, has been shown to be a N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) precursor during zonation. In this study, batch ozonation experiments in ultrapure buffered ...
The kinetics of iodate formation is a critical factor in mitigation of the formation of potentially toxic and off flavor causing iodoorganic compounds during chlorination. This study demonstrates that the formation of bromine through the oxidation of bromi ...
Kinetics, products, and pathways of 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE2) transformation during chlorination of water with and without bromide (Br-) were studied to evaluate the effect of chlorination on the fate of steroid estrogens. Br- can be important for th ...