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Self-consistent fast ion distributions are usually obtained using a code that solves the guiding-centre equations, with an appropriate fast ion source (e.g. NBI pinis) and sink (e.g. collision operators). Straight field-line coordinate systems, such as Boo ...
The study of the lightning interaction with tall strike objects has attracted considerable attention of lightning researchers lately. Many lightning measurements including current and associated electromagnetic fields were recently made all over the globe ...
In this paper, we compare five engineering return stroke models, extended to include the presence of an elevated strike object, namely the Bruce-Golde (BG) model, the transmission line (TL) model, the traveling current source (TCS) model, and the two modif ...
The peak current estimation of lightning detection networks for strikes to tall towers is discussed in this paper. Such systems are sometimes calibrated using return-stroke current data obtained by means of rocket-triggered lightning or instrumented towers ...
The study of the interaction of lightning electromagnetic fields with electrical systems and the design of appropriate protection strategies are generally based on statistical distributions of the lightning current measured at the channel base using either ...
When deployed as large arrays, wind turbines significantly interact among themselves and with the atmospheric boundary layer. In this study, we integrate a three-dimensional large-eddy simulation with an actuator line technique to examine the characteristi ...
The addition of high power, low aspect ratio data from the NSTX and MAST experiments has motivated a new investigation of the effect of aspect ratio on confinement scaling. Various statistical methods, including those that incorporate estimates of measurem ...
In the last twenty years, the widespread use of sensitive electronic devices has increased the interest on transients, in particular those caused by lightning (direct and/or indirect). The paper presents first shortly the developments in modeling the elect ...
Immunological functions of mast cells remain poorly understood. Studies in Kit mutant mice suggest key roles for mast cells in certain antibody- and T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases. However, Kit mutations affect multiple cell types of both immune and n ...
New general expressions relating lightning return stroke currents and far radiated electric and magnetic fields are proposed, taking into account the effect of an elevated strike object, whose presence is included as an extension to the transmission line ( ...