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The JET hybrid scenario has been developed from low plasma current carbon wall discharges to the record-breaking Deuterium-Tritium plasmas obtained in 2021 with the ITER-like Be/W wall. The development started in pure Deuterium with refinement of the plasm ...
The largest operating stellarator, Wendelstein 7-X, is of the quasi-isodynamic type. For this design to scale up to a fusion reactor, several criteria must be met, one of them being good fast ion confinement. The latter still has to be tested experimentall ...
In JET deuterium-tritium (D-T) plasmas, the fusion power is produced through thermonuclear reactions and reactions between thermal ions and fast particles generated by neutral beam injection (NBI) heating or accelerated by electromagnetic wave heating in t ...
The electron density close to the extraction grids and the co-extracted electrons represent a crucial issue when operating negative ion sources for fusion reactors. An excessive electron density in the plasma expansion region can indeed inhibit the negativ ...
IOP Publishing Ltd2023
A key challenge for the development of fusion reactors based on magnetic confinement, such as tokamaks and stellarators, is the control of the turbulent processes. The most prominent feature of turbulence in the Scrape-Off Layer (SOL), the volume between t ...
EPFL2023
Fusion occurs when light nuclei combine to form heavier nuclei. The energy released in this process powers the stars and can provide humankind with a safe, sustainable, and clean source of baseload electricity, a valuable tool in the fight against climate ...
Gyrotrons and High Voltage Power Supplies (HVPS) used on electron cyclotron (EC) systems are the source of large electromagnetic interference (EMI). Arcing events inside gyrotrons is the most frequently cited issue, but fast shutdown of a HVPS can produce ...
Turbulence driven by small-scale instabilities results in strong heat and particle transport, which significantly shortens the confinement time and prevents the formation of a self-sustained plasma reaction in magnetic confinement devices. Control and poss ...
In the vast expanse of the Universe and on our planet, nuclei exist in a state of excitement. These excited nuclear states (isomers) can persist for varying periods, from fractions of a second to billions of years and beyond, before decaying to their groun ...
In 1970, Furth and Yoshikawa (1970 Phys. Fluids 13 2593-6) introduced the scalings of adiabatic plasma compression. Basically, if the shape of the external plasma boundary and the aspect ratio are preserved during the compression, then the density, kinetic ...