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Concept
Philadelphia English
Résumé
Philadelphia English is a variety or dialect of American English native to Philadelphia and extending into Philadelphia's metropolitan area throughout the Delaware Valley, including southeastern Pennsylvania, counties of northern Delaware (especially New Castle and Kent), the northern Eastern Shore of Maryland, and all of South Jersey, with the dialect being spoken in cities such as Wilmington, Atlantic City, Camden, Vineland, and Dover. Philadelphia English is one of the best-studied types of English, as Philadelphia's University of Pennsylvania is the home institution of pioneering sociolinguist William Labov. Philadelphia English shares certain features with New York City English and Midland American English, although it remains a distinct dialect of its own. Philadelphia and Baltimore accents together fall under what Labov describes as a single "Mid-Atlantic" regional dialect.
According to linguist Barbara Johnstone, migration patterns and geography affected the dialect's development, which was especially influenced by immigrants from Northern England, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. Today, an especially marked or "heavier" Philadelphia accent is most commonly found in working-class neighborhoods throughout the area, especially in Irish-American and Italian-American working-class neighborhoods, though the accent is prevalent and prominent to varying degrees throughout the entire Delaware Valley region among all socioeconomic levels.
Philadelphia English has a complicated history, with speakers at times showing features shared with neighboring regions as well as uniquely local features. The Philadelphia and New York accents presumably shared certain common linguistic inputs in the nineteenth century, since both accents by the twentieth century demonstrated a high vowel (which helps to maintain a contrast between words like cot and caught) as well as a phonemic split of the short a vowel, (causing gas and gap to have different vowels sounds, for example) not found elsewhere in the United States.
Source officielle
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