In sound recording and reproduction, audio mixing is the process of optimizing and combining multitrack recordings into a final mono, stereo or surround sound product. In the process of combining the separate tracks, their relative levels are adjusted and balanced and various processes such as equalization and compression are commonly applied to individual tracks, groups of tracks, and the overall mix. In stereo and surround sound mixing, the placement of the tracks within the stereo (or surround) field are adjusted and balanced. Audio mixing techniques and approaches vary widely and have a significant influence on the final product.
Audio mixing techniques largely depend on music genres and the quality of sound recordings involved. The process is generally carried out by a mixing engineer, though sometimes the record producer or recording artist may assist. After mixing, a mastering engineer prepares the final product for production.
Audio mixing may be performed on a mixing console or in a digital audio workstation.
In the late 19th century, Thomas Edison and Emile Berliner developed the first recording machines. The recording and reproduction process itself was completely mechanical with little or no electrical parts. Edison's phonograph cylinder system utilized a small horn terminated in a stretched, flexible diaphragm attached to a stylus which cut a groove of varying depth into the malleable tin foil of the cylinder. Emile Berliner's gramophone system recorded music by inscribing spiraling lateral cuts onto a vinyl disc.
Electronic recording became more widely used during the 1920s. It was based on the principles of electromagnetic transduction. The possibility for a microphone to be connected remotely to a recording machine meant that microphones could be positioned in more suitable places. The process was improved when outputs of the microphones could be mixed before being fed to the disc cutter, allowing greater flexibility in the balance.
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In this class we will explore some of the fundamental ways in which the pervasiveness of digital devices has completely revolutionized the world of music in the last 40 years, both from the point of v
Equalization, or simply EQ, in sound recording and reproduction is the process of adjusting the volume of different frequency bands within an audio signal. The circuit or equipment used to achieve this is called an equalizer. Most hi-fi equipment uses relatively simple filters to make bass and treble adjustments. Graphic and parametric equalizers have much more flexibility in tailoring the frequency content of an audio signal.
Le matriçage, le mastering (mɑːstəɹɪŋ) ou la mastérisation est le processus consistant à transférer un ensemble d'enregistrements pour en faire un programme sur un support physique ou un fichier informatique, lequel servira à une fabrication en série ou à la diffusion. Son but premier est de rendre homogène cet ensemble. Pour l'audio, l'approche diffère suivant que l'album est un original ou une compilation de différentes œuvres originales.
Ableton Live (ˈeɪbəltən laɪv) est un séquenceur musical logiciel professionnel pour OS X et Windows lancé par Ableton AG en 2001. Live est un outil permettant la composition et l'arrangement, mais sa conception et son ergonomie sont surtout destinées à une utilisation en concert. Ableton AG est fondée en Allemagne en 1999 par Gerhard Behles et Robert Henke qui formait le duo Monolake. Le duo a eu l'idée d'Ableton Live au milieu des années 90 après avoir étudié ensemble la programmation informatique.
We study mixing and diffusion properties of passive scalars driven by generic rough shear flows. Genericity is here understood in the sense of prevalence, and (ir)regularity is measured in the Besov-Nikolskii scale B\alpha 1,\infty, \alpha \in (0,1). We pr ...
Philadelphia2023
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Byzantine machine learning (ML) aims to ensure the resilience of distributed learning algorithms to misbehaving (or Byzantine) machines. Although this problem received significant attention, prior works often assume the data held by the machines to be homo ...
PMLR2023
We consider the problem of sampling from a density of the form p(x) ? exp(-f (x) - g(x)), where f : Rd-+ R is a smooth function and g : R-d-+ R is a convex and Lipschitz function. We propose a new algorithm based on the Metropolis-Hastings framework. Under ...