Concept
This is a list of economic crises and depressions. Financial crisis of 33 The result of the mass issuance of unsecured loans by main Roman banking houses. Crisis of the Third Century Coin exchange crisis of 692. Byzantine emperor Justinian II refuses to accept tribute from the Umayyad Caliphate with new Arab gold coins for fear of exposing double counting in the Byzantine financial system (actual weight less, than nominal quantity), which leads to the Battle of Sebastopolis and the revolt of taxpayers who burned financial officials in a copper bull. Justinian II was tortured by cutting off his nose in front of spectators at the Hippodrome. Twenty Years' Anarchy begins. 14th century banking crisis (the crash of the Peruzzi and the Bardi family Compagnia dei Bardi in 1345). Kipper und Wipper (1618–22) financial crisis at the start of the Thirty Years' War Tulip mania (1637) an economic bubble that burst, hurting the economy of the Dutch Republic The General Crisis (1640) Arguably the largest worldwide crisis in history Great Tobacco Depression (1703) (British America) South Sea Bubble (1720) (UK) Mississippi Company (1720) (France) Crisis of 1763 – started in Amsterdam, begun by the collapse of Leendert Pieter de Neufville and Johann Ernst Gotzkowsky, spread to Germany and Scandinavia Great East Indian Bengal Bubble Crash (1769) (India) Crash started by the rapid overvaluation of the East India Company. Crisis of 1772 – started in London and Amsterdam, begun by the collapse of the bankers Neal, James, Fordyce, and Down. War of American Independence Financing Crisis (1776) (United States) – The French monarchy went deeply into debt to finance its 1.4 billion livre support for the colonial rebels; Spain invested 700 million reales. Panic of 1785 – United States Panic of 1792 – United States Panic of 1796–1797 – Britain and United States Danish state bankruptcy of 1813 Post-Napoleonic depression (post-1815) (England) Panic of 1819, a U.S. recession with bank failures; culmination of U.S.