Power loomA power loom is a mechanized loom, and was one of the key developments in the industrialization of weaving during the early Industrial Revolution. The first power loom was designed and patented in 1785 by Edmund Cartwright. It was refined over the next 47 years until a design by the Howard and Bullough company made the operation completely automatic. This device was designed in 1834 by James Bullough and William Kenworthy, and was named the Lancashire loom. By the year 1850, there were a total of around 260,000 power loom operations in England.
Tee-shirtvignette|Un tee-shirt vignette|Femme portant tee-shirt à motif architectural. Un tee-shirt, ou teeshirt, aussi orthographié T-shirt ou t-shirt (), rarement appelé paletot, parfois appelé gilet à manches courtes au Canada francophone, et plus rarement gaminet, est un maillot de corps qui doit son nom à sa forme en « T », sans col et initialement à manches courtes mais éventuellement à manches longues, à capuche ou à col roulé. Il est fabriqué en tissu maillé (extensible), en général en coton ou en fibres polyester.
Filage textileLe filage est le fait de produire des fils textiles à partir de divers matériaux bruts. Cette opération peut se faire à la main, à l'aide d'un fuseau ou d'un rouet. Avec la Révolution industrielle, le filage s'est réalisé dans des usines : les filatures. L'importance du filage dans les sociétés fondées sur l'artisanat, de l'Antiquité jusqu'à nos jours, fait que cette activité apparaît régulièrement dans les croyances religieuses, les mythes, contes et légendes, ainsi que les œuvres d'art de nombreuses cultures.
Timeline of clothing and textiles technologyThis timeline of clothing and textiles technology covers events relating to fiber and flexible woven material worn on the body. This includes the making, modification, usage, and knowledge of tools, machines, techniques, crafts, and manufacturing systems (technology). Research remains ongoing as to when people started wearing clothes c. 50,000 BC – A discovered twisted fibre (a 3-ply cord fragment) indicates the likely use of clothing, bags, nets and similar technology by Neanderthals in southeastern France.
Cotton millA cotton mill is a building that houses spinning or weaving machinery for the production of yarn or cloth from cotton, an important product during the Industrial Revolution in the development of the factory system. Although some were driven by animal power, most early mills were built in rural areas at fast-flowing rivers and streams using water wheels for power. The development of viable steam engines by Boulton and Watt from 1781 led to the growth of larger, steam-powered mills allowing them to be concentrated in urban mill towns, like Manchester, which with neighbouring Salford had more than 50 mills by 1802.
Textilevignette|La Fileuse, William Bouguereau, . vignette|Détail d'un objet tissé. Un textile est un matériau susceptible d'être tissé ou tricoté. Initialement, il désigne donc un matériau qui peut se diviser en fibres ou en fils textiles, tels le coton, le chanvre, le lin, la laine (textiles organiques) ou la pierre d'amiante (textile minéral), puis avec la découverte de nouvelles techniques, les fibres synthétiques. L'action de séparer les fibres d'un textile s'appelle le filage.
Navette (tissage)vignette|La navette volante de John Kay dans un métier à tisser (1733) Une navette est un élément de métier à tisser qui est lancé ou glissé entre les fils de chaîne (espace appelé pas ou foulée) afin d'y passer le fil de trame pour réaliser le tissage. Les navettes étaient souvent fabriquées à partir de bois de cornouiller sanguin, très dur et de finition très douce. Cet exemple de navette peut aussi servir sur d'autres métier à tisser.
Pill (textile)A pill, colloquially known as a bobble, fuzzball, or lint ball, is a small ball of fibers that forms on a piece of cloth. Pill is also a verb for the formation of such balls. Pilling is a surface defect of textiles caused by wear, and is generally considered an undesirable trait. It happens when washing and wearing of fabrics causes loose fibers to begin to push out from the surface of the cloth, and, over time, abrasion causes the fibers to develop into small spherical bundles, anchored to the surface of the fabric by protruding fibers that have not broken.
Warp and weftWarp and weft are the two basic components used in weaving to turn thread or yarn into fabric. The lengthwise or longitudinal warp yarns are held stationary in tension on a frame or loom while the horizontal weft (sometimes woof) is drawn through and inserted over and under the warp. A single thread of the weft crossing the warp is called a pick. Terms vary (for instance, in North America, the weft is sometimes referred to as the fill or the filling yarn). Each individual warp thread in a fabric is called a warp end or end.
Staple (textiles)A staple fiber is a textile fiber of discrete length. The opposite is a filament fiber, which comes in continuous lengths. Staple length is a characteristic fiber length of a sample of staple fibers. A fiber is made up of natural substances and is known for being longer than it is wide. It is an essential criterion in yarn spinning, and aids in cohesion and twisting. Compared to synthetic fibers, natural fibers tend to have different and shorter lengths.
