Champ profond de Hubble

Résumé

Le Champ profond de Hubble, ou HDF pour l'anglais Hubble Deep Field, est une région de l'hémisphère nord de la sphère céleste située dans la constellation de la Grande Ourse, couvrant à peu près un 30 millionième de la surface du ciel, et qui contient environ galaxies de faible luminosité. Cette région a été photographiée par le télescope spatial Hubble en 1995. Elle a une taille de d'arc. Cela équivaut à celle d'un bouton de chemise placé à . L'image résulte du traitement et d'un montage obtenu à partir d'une collection de 342 photographies élémentaires prises avec la caméra à large champ du télescope spatial Hubble (en, WFPC2). Cette prise de vue s'est étalée sur consécutifs du 18 au 28 décembre 1995. La région est si petite que seules quelques étoiles de la Galaxie sont visibles au premier plan de l'image. Ainsi, la presque totalité des objets de l'image sont des galaxies, certaines d'entre elles figurant parmi les plus jeunes et les plus éloignées jamais observées. Si l'on

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We present a parametric strong-lensing analysis of three massive galaxy clusters for which Hubble Space Telescope imaging is available, as well as spectroscopy of multiply imaged systems and galaxy cluster members. Our aim is to probe the inner shape of dark matter haloes, in particular the existence of a core. We adopted the following working hypothesis: any group-or cluster-scale dark matter clump introduced in the modelling should be associated with a luminous counterpart. We also adopted some additional well-motivated priors in the analysis, even when this degraded the quality of the fit, quantified using the root mean square between the observed and model-generated images. In particular, in order to alleviate the degeneracy between the smooth underlying component and the galaxy-scale perturbers, we used the results from previous spectroscopic campaigns, which allowed us to fix the mass of the galaxy-scale component. In the unimodal galaxy cluster AS 1063, a core mass model is favoured over a non-core mass model, and this is also the case in the multimodal cluster MACS J0416. In the unimodal cluster MACS J1206, we fail to reproduce the strong-lensing constraints using a parametric approach within the adopted working hypothesis. We then successfully added a mild perturbation in the form of a superposition of B-spline potentials, which allowed us to obtain a decent fit (root mean square = 0.5 ''), and finally find that a core mass model is favoured. Overall, our analysis suggest evidence for core cluster-scale dark matter haloes in these three clusters. These findings may be useful for the interpretation within alternative dark matter scenario, such as self-interacting dark matter. We propose a working hypothesis for parametric strong-lensing modelling in which the quest for the best-fit model is balanced by the quest for presenting a physically motivated mass model, in particular by imposing priors.

EDP SCIENCES S A2022

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The distribution of dark matter and gas spanning 6 Mpc around the post-merger galaxy cluster MS0451-03

David Richard Harvey, Mathilde Jauzac, Baptiste Philippe Klein, Jean-Paul Richard Kneib, Richard Massey

Using the largestmosaic of Hubble Space Telescope images around a galaxy cluster, we map the distribution of darkmatter throughout an similar to 6 x 6 Mpc(2) area centred on the clusterMS 0451-03 (z = 0.54, M-200 = 1.65 x 10(15) M-circle dot). Our joint strong- and weak-lensing analysis shows three possible filaments extending from the cluster, encompassing six group-scale substructures. The dark matter distribution in the cluster core is elongated, consists of two distinct components, and is characterized by a concentration parameter of c(200) = 3.79 +/- 0.36. By contrast, XMM-Newton observations show the gas distribution to be more spherical, with excess entropy near the core, and a lower concentration of c(200) = 2.35(-0.70)(+0.89) (assuming hydrostatic equilibrium). Such a configuration is predicted in simulations of major mergers 2-7 Gyr after the first core passage, when the two dark matter haloes approach second turnaround, and before their gas has relaxed. This post-merger scenario finds further support in optical spectroscopy of the cluster's member galaxies, which shows that star formation was abruptly quenched 5Gyr ago. MS0451-03 will be an ideal target for future studies of the growth of structure along filaments, star formation processes after a major merger, and the late-stage evolution of cluster collisions.

OXFORD UNIV PRESS2020

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Uvudf: Ultraviolet Imaging Of The Hubble Ultra Deep Field With Wide-Field Camera 3

Hakim Atek

We present an overview of a 90 orbit Hubble Space Telescope treasury program to obtain near-ultraviolet imaging of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field using the Wide Field Camera 3 UVIS detector with the F225W, F275W, and F336W filters. This survey is designed to: (1) investigate the episode of peak star formation activity in galaxies at 1 < z < 2.5; (2) probe the evolution of massive galaxies by resolving sub-galactic units (clumps); (3) examine the escape fraction of ionizing radiation from galaxies at z similar to 2-3; (4) greatly improve the reliability of photometric redshift estimates; and (5) measure the star formation rate efficiency of neutral atomic-dominated hydrogen gas at z similar to 1-3. In this overview paper, we describe the survey details and data reduction challenges, including both the necessity of specialized calibrations and the effects of charge transfer inefficiency. We provide a stark demonstration of the effects of charge transfer inefficiency on resultant data products, which when uncorrected, result in uncertain photometry, elongation of morphology in the readout direction, and loss of faint sources far from the readout. We agree with the STScI recommendation that future UVIS observations that require very sensitive measurements use the instrument's capability to add background light through a "post-flash." Preliminary results on number counts of UV-selected galaxies and morphology of galaxies at z similar to 1 are presented. We find that the number density of UV dropouts at redshifts 1.7, 2.1, and 2.7 is largely consistent with the number predicted by published luminosity functions. We also confirm that the image mosaics have sufficient sensitivity and resolution to support the analysis of the evolution of star-forming clumps, reaching 28-29th magnitude depth at 5 sigma in a 0 ''.2 radius aperture depending on filter and observing epoch.

Institute of Physics2013

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