Chromophore

Résumé

Un chromophore est un groupement d'atomes comportant une ou plusieurs doubles liaisons, et formant avec le reste de la molécule une séquence de doubles liaisons conjuguées, c'est-à-dire une alternance de doubles et de simples liaisons. L'existence d'une séquence suffisamment longue de doubles liaisons conjuguées dans une molécule organique, ou l'association avec un ou plusieurs auxochromes, crée un nuage électronique délocalisé pouvant entrer en résonance avec le rayonnement incident et ainsi l'absorber. Les chromophores sont donc responsables de l'aspect coloré des colorants organiques comme tente de l'expliquer la théorie de Witt. En effet, certains rayonnements sont absorbés tandis que d'autres sont reflétés, diffusés ou transmis. Par exemple, le carotène est le composé chimique qui donne leur couleur à de nombreux fruits et légumes (comme les carottes), cette molécule absorbe en effet les longueurs d'onde dans la gamme bleue du spectre visible mais réfléchit la couleur complémenta

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https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromophore

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Chargement

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Photoinduced charge separation in supramolecular aggregates of π‐conjugated molecules is a fundamental photophysical process, and a key criterion for the development of advanced organic electronics materials. Here, we report on the self‐assembly of novel low‐bandgap chromophores into helical one‐dimensional aggregates due to intermolecular hydrogen‐bonding. The chromophores confined in these supramolecular polymers show strong excitonic coupling interactions and give rise to charge‐separated states with unusually long lifetimes of several hours and charge densities of up to 5 mol% after illumination with white light. Two‐contact devices exhibit increased photoconductivity and can even show Ohmic behavior. Our findings demonstrate that the confinement of organic semiconductors into one‐dimensional aggregates results in a considerable stabilization of charge carriers for a variety of π‐conjugated systems, which may have implications for the design of future organic electronic materials.

2020

Chargement

This work deals with the engineering of a new luminescent complex of lanthanide, able to be specifically grafted onto biological materials and to emit a characteristic light useful in quantifying the concentration of the target molecules. We have based our molecular design on TbL1, wich possesses a significant quantum yield in water pointing to an efficient intramolecular energy transfer. We have elaborated the synthesis of a ligand derived from L1 and named L3, by functionalizing one of the chromophoric groups into a moiety able to couple the luminescent sensor to biological materials. The synthesis of the complexes was then realized. The thermodynamic study of the ligands L1 and L3, and their terbium complexes in water was made to establish the distribution diagrams and to compare their behaviour, especially at neutral pH. In addition, EuL1 was also investigated and the complexation constants of TbL1, EuL1 and TbL3 in water showed that these molecules are thermodynamically stable in aqueous media. Characterization of EuL3 in the solid state by high resolution luminescence allowed us to determine the geometry of the coordination sphere of the Eu(III) ion, which possesses a distorded C4 symmetry. The detailed study of the Eu(III) ion transitions evidenced two different sites, possibly arising from an equilibrium induced by the competition between a water molecule and the carboxylate function. This interpretation is in line with the measured lifetimes of the Tb(III) and Eu(III) excited states and the calculation of the hydration number of the complexes in aqueous solution. The determination of the energy of the singlet state and triplet states of the ligand, as well as of the emitting levels of the Ln(III) ions in solution showed that their relative values are favorable for a good intramolecular energy transfer. The quantum yields of TbL3 and EuL3, which amount to 2.6 % and 1.4 %, respectively, are lower than those of the complexes with L1, denoting that the presence of the acid function increases losses in the energy transfer. However, these values remain sizeable enough for potential biomedical applications. The study of the intermolecular energy transfer from EuL1, EuL3 and TbL3 to the acceptor Cy5 has proved promising, and the resulting yields were 90 % for EuL1 and 80 % for the complexes with L3.

EPFL2004

Chargement

, ,

Rhodopsin is a photoactive G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that converts dim light into a signal for the brain, leading to eyesight. Full activation of this GPCR is achieved after passing through several steps of the protein's photoactivation pathway. Key events of rhodopsin activation are the initial cis-trans photoisomerization of the covalently bound retinal moiety followed by conformational rearrangements and deprotonation of the chromophore's protonated Schiff base (PSB), which ultimately lead to full activation in the meta II state. PSB deprotonation is crucial for achieving full activation of rhodopsin; however, the specific structural rearrangements that have to take place to induce this plc shift are not well understood. Classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were employed to identify intermediate states after the cis trans isomerization of rhodopsin's retinal moiety. In order to select the intermediate state in which PSB deprotonation is experimentally known to occur, the validity of the intermediate configurations was checked through an evaluation of the optical properties in comparison with experiment. Subsequently, the selected state was used to investigate the molecular factors that enable PSB deprotonation at body temperature to obtain a better understanding of the difference between the protonated and the deprotonated state of the chromophore. To this end, the deprotonation reaction has been investigated by applying QM/MM MD simulations in combination with thermodynamic integration. The study shows that, compared to the inactive 11-cis-retinal case, trans-retinal rhodopsin is able to undergo PSB deprotonation due to a change in the conformation of the retinal and a consequent alteration in the hydrogen-bond (HB) network in which PSB and the counterion.G1u113 are embedded. Besides the retinal moiety and Glu113, also two water molecules as well as Thr94 and Gly90 that are related to congenital night blindness are part of this essential HB network.

2017

Chargement

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2017

EPFL2004