Qualité de l'air intérieur

Résumé

La qualité de l'air intérieur (QAI) recouvre l'étude des paramètres de confort (température, hygrométrie) et de la composition de l'air dans les environnements clos (bâtiments, mais aussi dans les transports en commun, par exemple), dans le but d'assurer la santé des usagers. La pollution intérieure est une notion un peu plus restreinte qui désigne classiquement les composés chimiques (hors ) susceptibles d'être présents dans l'air intérieur, ainsi que les fumées et poussières. La qualité de l'air intérieur s'intègre dans le thème plus large de la qualité des environnements intérieurs, qui inclut aussi le confort thermique, acoustique et visuel. La pollution de l'air a d'abord été considérée du seul point de vue de l'air extérieur. Le problème spécifique de la qualité de l'air intérieur a commencé à se poser dans les années 1970, lors de la description du syndrome du bâtiment malsain. En effet, les bâtiments doivent répondre à une double contrainte : pour une bonne efficacité énergéti

Source officielle

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qualit%C3%A9_de_l'air_int%C3%A9rieur

À propos de ce résultat

Cette page est générée automatiquement et peut contenir des informations qui ne sont pas correctes, complètes, à jour ou pertinentes par rapport à votre recherche. Il en va de même pour toutes les autres pages de ce site. Veillez à vérifier les informations auprès des sources officielles de l'EPFL.

Publications associées (100)

Publications associées

Chargement

Personnes associées (17)

Personnes associées

Chargement

Unités associées (13)

Unités associées

Chargement

Concepts associés (25)

Concepts associés

Chargement

Cours associés (14)

Cours associés

Chargement

Séances de cours associées (43)

Séances de cours associées

Chargement

A comparative study of indoor environmental quality in temporary emergency shelters

Patrick Bonzi

Extreme natural or man-made disasters are events caused by factors that injure, displace people and damage property. Victims of such events are often forced to live in temporary emergency shelters for prolonged time. It is therefore important to evaluate the indoor environmental quality in emergency shelters, which is the objective of this project. In addition to literature review, this project includes testing and integration of sensing modules that will be installed inside and outside of different emergency shelters in Fribourg (Switzerland). The sensing instruments will be able to detect a bouquet of air quality factors (CO2, VOC, NOx, SOx, PM2.5, PM10, O3), dry-bulb and globe temperature, noise levels, pressure differential, wind speed and illuminance levels.

2020

Chargement

People spend around 90 percent of their time indoors (home, oce, transportation) in developed countries [1]. This means a long exposure to indoor conditions that have higher concentrations of pollutants compared to outdoors. This exposure can aect the well-being, performance and health of the occupants, making indoor environments even more important. On the other hand, the design and operation of buildings need energy. Following the oil crisis in 1974, building envelopes were aimed to be more air tight to decrease the energy consumption for heating and cooling. In addition to the economic costs, according to International Energy Agency (IEA), building sector is responsible for almost forty percent of energy-related CO2 emissions worldwide [2]. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report by UN body stresses the importance of evolving to greater sustainability in land, energy, buildings and cities to reach the reduced CO2 levels in order to limit global warming by 1.5°C [3]. With increasing concerns about environment and global warming, decreasing the energy intensity of the building operations became a goal. As a result, creating comfortable indoor environments with less energy demand became a hot topic and green building certications were promoted. While environmental concerns led to focusing on the energy and water conservation, the indoor environmental quality and health aspects of green buildings were less recognized [4]. The green building certications had their sections related to occupant health and well-being, but recently there has been a prioritization of human health relative to the energy consumption. The companies understand that the cost of workers is higher than the cost of energy. In a company, 90% of operating costs is salary/benets of sta, 9% is rental costs and only 1% is energy [5]. A study done in Harvard School of Public Health shows that elevated CO2 levels result in a 50% decrease in cognitive function [6]. In addition, a lack of fresh air is shown to cause 35% of total absenteeism in a company [7]. In relation to these aspects, WELL certication is a new rating system that focuses on occupant health and wellness through design and operation of buildings. However, no studies were done so far to see its eectiveness. This study was designed to address this knowledge gap. It is the rst cohort study done in WELL buildings. The project aims to compare the satisfaction levels, productivity and SBS symptoms with an online indoor environmental quality (IEQ) survey done in non-WELL and WELL buildings.

2020

Chargement

Toward Assessing the Sensitivity of Buildings to Changes in Climate

Sönke Frederik Horn

A building is designed for one set of typical climatic conditions. In the context of expected climate change, substantial numbers of existing and new buildings are expected to survive long enough to experience perceptible shifts in climate ‘normals’ (averages). This is problematic for predicting building performance, largely because the exact nature of climate change is hard to predict with certainty. Thus an optimal design is not only tuned to the original design conditions, but is also robust to changes in climatic conditions in the sense of a low sensitivity of its performance. To predict a building’s response to changes in typical weather, two inputs are required: weather data representing this change, and suitable metrics to compare building performance across different climate normals. This report presents initial work on a proposed method for assessing the sensitivity of new or existing buildings to climate change. This method begins with a selection of weather files to represent climate change, then quantifies a building’s passive performance in those climates using an enthalpy-based metric, and ends with a graphical analysis of the performance of the building in different climates to assess its robustness. In this report, we propose an objective performance metric based on the extent to which a building creates indoor conditions passively, i.e. without auxiliary systems. Initial work suggests that the performance assessment carried out here is reproducible and applicable for indoor environment design and evaluation in different ranges of climate change. This approach enables a comparison of building performance without the bias introduced by inherent differences in climatic conditions.

2013

Chargement

2020