Protosteliomycetes/Protosteliales (ICBN) or Protostelea/Protostelia/Protosteliida (ICZN) is a grouping of slime molds from the phylum Mycetozoa. The name can vary depending upon the taxon used. Other names include Protostelea, Protostelia, and Protostelida. When not implying a specific level of classification, the term protostelid or protosteloid amoeba is sometimes used.
Protosteloid amoebae, also called protostelids, are amoebae that are capable of making simple fruiting bodies consisting of a cellular stalk topped by one or a few spores. All species are microscopic and are typically found on dead plant matter where they consume bacteria, yeasts, and fungal spores. Since protostelids are amoebae that make spores, they are considered to be slime molds.
It includes for example the following genera:
Cavosteliaceae (family)
Cavostelium (genus)
Planoprotostelium (genus)
Ceratiomyxaceae (family)
Ceratiomyxa (genus)
Protosteliaceae (family)
Protostelium (genus)
As a subclass, Protostelia has been described as paraphyletic to the protostelid clade, as Protostelia excludes the clade of myxomycetes, which are embedded in the protostelid clade.
The formal taxonomy of protosteloid amoebae groups them all according to fruiting bodies, mostly leaving out characteristics of the amoebae. Recent studies have shown that all protosteloid amoebae studied to date are probably included in the group known as Amoebozoa or Eumycetozoa. However, protosteloid amoebae are not all closely related and some fall within groups of amoebae in which the other amoebae are nonfruiting. Therefore, it appears that the ability to make fruiting bodies may have evolved more than once.
Protosteloid amoebae are typically found on dead plant matter, including stems and leaves of herbaceous plants, stems and leaves of grasses, bark of living trees, decaying wood and other types of dead plant matter. Protosteloid amoebae are found on dead plant matter that has fallen on the ground, on dead plant parts that are still hanging in the air and on dead parts of plants that are submerged in a pond.
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Une amibe est un micro-organisme appartenant à divers groupes de cellules complexes eucaryotes. Dans l'usage du terme, amibe désigne en fait des organismes membres de nombreux groupes de protistes de différents taxons eucaryotes : Amoebozoa, Acanthamoeba, Rhizaria, Heterokonta, Excavata et Opisthokonta : il ne s'agit donc pas d'un groupe monophylétique mais polyphylétique. L'ancêtre commun à toutes les amibes est peut-être également l'ancêtre commun de tous les eucaryotes.
Les Mycétozoaires (Mycetozoa) sont des Eucaryotes qui peuvent former des masses importantes (plasmode ou pseudoplasmode) par assemblage de plusieurs cellules ou par multiplications successives du noyau sans division de cytoplasme. La phase unicellulaire et la phase pluricellulaire alternent au cours d'un cycle de vie. Ce groupe rassemble une partie des organismes appelés myxomycètes et qui étaient historiquement rapprochés des champignons (division des Myxomycota du règne des Fungi) avec qui ils ne partagent qu'une ressemblance superficielle.
vignette|Corps fructifère (mature et immature) de la Lycogale des arbres sur du bois mort. Les myxomycètes sont des Eucaryotes unicellulaires qui se caractérisent par la formation d'un plasmode (vrai ou pseudoplasmode). Ils étaient initialement réunis aux champignons, car leurs cycles de vie comportent une étape de sporulation végétative macroscopique. Ce regroupement s'est avéré polyphylétique, car formé de plusieurs lignées indépendantes de protistes, aucune d'elle n'étant liée aux « champignons vrais » du règne des Fungi.
To assess the potential use of testate amoebae as biomonitors of atmospheric pollution we studied the relationship between atmospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) pollution and testate amoebae density, diversity, and community structure (Protista: Rhizopoda) in ...
2004
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To date only five partial and two complete SSU rRNA gene sequences are available for the lobose testate amoebae (Arcellinida). Consequently, the phylogenetic relationships among taxa and the definition of species are still largely dependant on morphologica ...
2008
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Vibrio cholerae is a human pathogen and the causative agent of cholera. The persistence of this bacterium in aquatic environments is a key epidemiological concern, as cholera is transmitted through contaminated water. Predatory protists, such as amoebae, a ...