Haikouichthys ˌhaɪkuˈɪkθɪs is an extinct genus of craniate (animals with notochords and distinct heads) that lived 518 million years ago, during the Cambrian explosion of multicellular life. Haikouichthys had a defined skull and other characteristics that have led paleontologists to label it a true craniate, and even to be popularly characterized as one of the earliest fishes. Cladistic analysis indicates that the animal is probably a basal chordate or a basal craniate; but it does not possess sufficient features to be included uncontroversially even in either stem group. It was formally described in 1999.
Haikouichthys is about long and is narrower than Myllokunmingia, another putative chordate that comes from the same beds. The holotype of Haikouichthys ercaicunensis was found in the Yuansshan member of the Qiongzhusi Formation in the 'Eoredlichia' Zone near Haikou at Ercaicun, Kunming City, Yunnan, China, hence its name "Haikou fish from Ercaicun". The fossil was recovered among the Chengjiang fauna, in one of a series of Lagerstätten sites where thousands of exquisitely preserved soft-bodied fossils have already been found. Following the discovery of the holotype, additional Lower Cambrian fossils of Haikouichthys ercaicunensis have been discovered.
The animal has a distinct head and tail. The head has at least six and perhaps nine probable gills. There are a number of segments (myomeres) with rear directed chevrons in the tail. There is a notochord. There is a prominent dorsal fin with fin radials similar, but not comparable, to those of hagfish and lampreys. The fin radials seem to angle "forward" toward the end thought on the basis of internal structures to be the head. This happens with a few modern fish but is an uncommon arrangement. There are 13 circular structures along the bottom that may be gonads, slime organs, or something else entirely.
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L’explosion cambrienne (il y a entre 541 et 530 millions d'années) désigne l'apparition soudaine – à l'échelle géologique – de la plupart des grands embranchements actuels de métazoaires (animaux pluricellulaires) ainsi que de quelques autres, disparus entre-temps, initiant ainsi une grande diversification des classes et des espèces animales, végétales et bactériennes. Certains auteurs n'hésitent pas à parler de « big bang zoologique au Cambrien », avec l'apparition en quelques dizaines de millions d'années de la quasi-totalité des grands plans d'organisation connus actuellement (Annélides, Mollusques, Échinodermes, Chordés, etc.
Haikouichthys ˌhaɪkuˈɪkθɪs is an extinct genus of craniate (animals with notochords and distinct heads) that lived 518 million years ago, during the Cambrian explosion of multicellular life. Haikouichthys had a defined skull and other characteristics that have led paleontologists to label it a true craniate, and even to be popularly characterized as one of the earliest fishes. Cladistic analysis indicates that the animal is probably a basal chordate or a basal craniate; but it does not possess sufficient features to be included uncontroversially even in either stem group.
La chorde ( ou notochorde), issue du mésoderme axial, est une structure embryologique caractéristique notamment de l'embranchement des Chordés, auquel appartiennent les vertébrés. Elle constitue une sorte de baguette rigide mais flexible, formée de grandes cellules et située dorsalement entre le tube neural et le tube digestif. La turgescence de ces cellules fournit une pression latérale à cette baguette pour offrir à l'embryon, au cours de son développement, un axe squelettique central.