Low-carbon fuel standardA low-carbon fuel standard (LCFS) is an emissions trading rule designed to reduce the average carbon intensity of transportation fuels in a given jurisdiction, as compared to conventional petroleum fuels, such as gasoline and diesel. The most common methods for reducing transportation carbon emissions are supplying electricity to electric vehicles, supplying hydrogen fuel to fuel cell vehicles and blending biofuels, such as ethanol, biodiesel, renewable diesel, and renewable natural gas into fossil fuels.
Ethanol fuel by countryThe world's top ethanol fuel producers in 2011 were the United States with 13.9 billion U.S. liquid gallons (bg) (52.6 billion liters) and Brazil with 5.6 bg (21.1 billion liters), accounting together for 87.1% of world production of 22.36 billion US gallons (84.6 billion liters). Strong incentives, coupled with other industry development initiatives, are giving rise to fledgling ethanol industries in countries such as Germany, Spain, France, Sweden, India, China, Thailand, Canada, Colombia, Australia, and some Central American countries.
Ethanol fuel in the United StatesThe United States became the world's largest producer of ethanol fuel in 2005. The U.S. produced 15.8 billion U.S. liquid gallons of ethanol fuel in 2019, and 13.9 billion U.S. liquid gallons (52.6 billion liters) in 2011, an increase from 13.2 billion U.S. liquid gallons (49.2 billion liters) in 2010, and up from 1.63 billion gallons in 2000. Brazil and U.S. production accounted for 87.1% of global production in 2011. In the U.
Renewable Transport Fuel ObligationThe Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO) in the United Kingdom is a requirement on transport fuel suppliers to ensure that 5 per cent of all road vehicle fuel is supplied from sustainable renewable sources by 2010. The Government intends to set variable targets for the level of carbon and sustainability performance expected from all transport fuel suppliers claiming certificates for biofuels in the early years of the RTFO. The announcement to introduce the Obligation was made on 10 November 2005, using powers included in the Energy Act 2004.
Sustainable biofuelSustainable biofuel is biofuel produced in a sustainable manner. It is not based on petroleum or other fossil fuels. It includes not using plants that are used for food stuff to produce the fuel thus disrupting the world's food supply. Low-carbon fuel standard In 2008, the Roundtable for Sustainable Biofuels released its proposed standards for sustainable biofuels. This includes 12 principles: "Biofuel production shall follow international treaties and national laws regarding such things as air quality, water resources, agricultural practices, labor conditions, and more.
Ethanol fuel in BrazilBrazil is the world's second largest producer of ethanol fuel. Brazil and the United States have led the industrial production of ethanol fuel for several years, together accounting for 85 percent of the world's production in 2017. Brazil produced 26.72 billion liters (7.06 billion U.S. liquid gallons), representing 26.1 percent of the world's total ethanol used as fuel in 2017. Between 2006 and 2008, Brazil was considered to have the world's first "sustainable" biofuels economy and the biofuel industry leader, a policy model for other countries; and its sugarcane ethanol "the most successful alternative fuel to date.
Nourriture contre carburant« Nourriture contre carburant » est un dilemme portant sur l'utilisation des terres agricoles ou de leur production à des fins de fabrication de biocarburants au détriment de la production alimentaire. Ce dilemme est depuis longtemps la source de controverses très larges sur le prix des biocarburants et de la nourriture ; il n'existerait aucune solution potentielle qui fasse consensus. Les débats portent sur la pertinence du dilemme, sur sa source et sur les solutions qui pourraient remédier à cette situation complexe.
BioéthanolLe bioéthanol ou agroéthanol est un biocarburant utilisable dans certains moteurs à essence. Le terme bioéthanol est un amalgame entre le préfixe bio du grec bios, vie, vivant et du terme éthanol. Le préfixe bio indique que l'éthanol est produit à partir de matière organique (biomasse) et n'a pas de lien avec le terme généralement utilisé pour désigner l'agriculture biologique. Le préfixe « bio » est donc contesté dans certains pays francophones.
Véhicule polycarburantUn véhicule polycarburant ou VCM est un véhicule dont le moteur peut utiliser deux ou trois types de carburants. On dit aussi véhicule bi-combustible, tri-combustible ou multi-carburant. L'acronyme « VCM » (pour « véhicule à carburant modulable ») est la dénomination officielle française. Le terme anglophone « Flex fuel », couramment utilisé pour désigner tout type de véhicule polycarburant, désigne en français une technique particulière de moteur polycarburant.
BiobutanolLe butanol peut être utilisé comme carburant dans un moteur à combustion interne. Il ressemble plus à essence qu'à éthanol. Un hydrocarbure en C4, le butanol est un carburant de remplacement et fonctionne donc dans les véhicules conçus pour être utilisés avec de l'essence sans modification . Il peut être produit à partir de biomasse (comme "biobutanol") ainsi que de combustible fossile s (comme "pétrobutanol" ). Le biobutanol et le pétrobutanol ont les mêmes propriétés chimiques. Le butanol issu de la biomasse est appelé biobutanol.
