White magic has traditionally referred to the use of supernatural powers or magic for selfless purposes. Practitioners of white magic have been given titles such as wise men or women, healers, white witches or wizards. Many of these people claimed to have the ability to do such things because of knowledge or power that was passed on to them through hereditary lines, or by some event later in their lives. White magic was practiced through healing, blessing, charms, incantations, prayers, and songs. White magic is the benevolent counterpart of malicious black magic.
Western esotericism
In his 1978 book, A History of White Magic, recognised occult author Gareth Knight traces the origins of white magic to early adaptations of paleolithic religion and early religious history in general, including the polytheistic traditions of Ancient Egypt and the later monotheistic ideas of Judaism and early Christianity.
In particular, he traced many of the traditions of white magic to the early worship of local "gods and goddesses of fertility and vegetation who were usually worshipped at hill-top shrines" and were "attractive to a nomadic race settling down to an agricultural existence". He focuses in particular on the nomadic Hebrew-speaking tribes and suggests that early Jews saw the worship of such deities more in terms of atavism than evil. It was only when the polytheistic and pagan Roman Empire began to expand that Jewish leaders began to rally against those ideas.
Early origins of white magic can also be traced back to the Cunning Folk.
Renaissance magic
By the late 15th century, natural magic "had become much discussed in high-cultural circles". "Followers" of Marsilio Ficino advocated the existence of spiritual beings and spirits in general, though many such theories ran counter to the ideas of the later Age of Enlightenment. While Ficino and his supporters were treated with hostility by the Roman Catholic Church, the Church itself also acknowledged the existence of such beings; such acknowledgement was the crux of campaigns against witchcraft.
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White magic has traditionally referred to the use of supernatural powers or magic for selfless purposes. Practitioners of white magic have been given titles such as wise men or women, healers, white witches or wizards. Many of these people claimed to have the ability to do such things because of knowledge or power that was passed on to them through hereditary lines, or by some event later in their lives. White magic was practiced through healing, blessing, charms, incantations, prayers, and songs.
vignette|340x340px|John Dee et Edward Kelley à l'aide d'un cercle magique invoquent un esprit dans le cimetière d'une église. La magie noire réfère traditionnellement à l'utilisation du surnaturel ou de pouvoirs magiques à des fins maléfiques ou égoïstes. Du point de vue de la voie de la main gauche et de la main droite, la magie noire est le côté gauche malveillant, la magie blanche est la main droite, le côté bienveillant.
La religion populaire, appelée de manière plus neutre religion « vécue » par Jean Delumeau ou religion « locale » par W. A. Christian, désigne en science des religions différentes formes et expressions d'une religion qui se détache des doctrines et pratiques officielles d'une religion organisée. La religion populaire est une religiosité vécue en distinction de la religion officielle. La définition de la religion populaire est très vague et ses contours flous, variant d'un auteur à un autre.