Christianity and violence

Christians have had diverse attitudes towards violence and nonviolence over time. Both currently and historically, there have been four attitudes towards violence and war and four resulting practices of them within Christianity: non-resistance, Christian pacifism, just war, and preventive war (Holy war, e.g., the Crusades). In the Roman Empire, the early church adopted a nonviolent stance when it came to war because the imitation of Jesus's sacrificial life was preferable to it. The concept of "just war", the belief that limited uses of war were acceptable, originated in the writings of earlier non-Christian Roman and Greek thinkers such as Cicero and Plato. Later, this theory was adopted by Christian thinkers such as St Augustine, who like other Christians, borrowed much of the just war concept from Roman law and the works of Roman writers like Cicero. Even though "Just War" concept was widely accepted early on, warfare was not regarded as a virtuous activity and expressing concern for the salvation of those who killed enemies in battle, regardless of the cause for which they fought, was common. Concepts such as "Holy war", whereby fighting itself might be considered a penitential and spiritually meritorious act, did not emerge before the 11th century. The Bible and violence The Bible contains several texts which encourage, command, condemn, reward, punish, regulate and describe acts of violence. Leigh Gibson and Shelly Matthews, associate professor of religion at Furman University, write that some scholars, such as René Girard, "lift up the New Testament as somehow containing the antidote for Old Testament violence". According to John Gager, such an analysis risks advocating the views of the heresiarch Marcion of Sinope (c. 85–160), who made a distinction between the God of the Old Testament responsible for violence and the God of mercy found in the New Testament. Mahatma Gandhi embraced the concept of nonviolence which he had found in both Indian Religions and the New Testament (e.g.

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Concepts associés (16)

Critique du christianisme

La critique du christianisme porte sur les doctrines, les pratiques et l’histoire de la religion chrétienne. Elle inclut des critiques générales contre les religions et d'autres qui lui sont propres, ainsi que des critiques spécifiques adressées aux différentes Églises chrétiennes. D'un point de vue historique, les reproches émanent parfois des croyants eux-mêmes, qui soulignent le contraste entre une doctrine qui prêche officiellement l'amour du prochain, et des institutions qui ont au fil des siècles soutenu des pratiques telles que l'esclavagisme, créé l'Inquisition, lancé les croisades et propagé l'antisémitisme.

Islam and violence

The use of politically and religiously-motivated violence dates back to the early history of Islam, its origins are found in the behavior, sayings, and rulings of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, his companions, and the first caliphs in the 7th, 8th, and 9th centuries CE. Mainstream Islamic law stipulates detailed regulations for the use of violence, including corporal and capital punishment, as well as how, when, and against whom to wage war.

Criticism of the Bible

Criticism of the Bible is the concerning about the factual accuracy of the claims and the moral tenability of the commandments made in the Bible, the holy books of Christianity, Judaism, and other religions. Devout Christians have long regarded their Bible as the perfect word of God (and devout Jews have held the Hebrew Bible similarly in high regard). In addition to concerns about ethics in the Bible, about biblical inerrancy, or about the historicity of the Bible, there remain some questions of biblical authorship and as to what material to include in the biblical canon.