Mass killings under communist regimes

Mass killings under communist regimes occurred through a variety of means during the 20th century, including executions, famine, deaths through forced labour, deportation, starvation, and imprisonment. Some of these events have been classified as genocides or crimes against humanity. Other terms have been used to describe these events, including classicide, democide, red holocaust, and politicide. The mass killings have been studied by authors and academics and several of them have postulated the potential causes of these killings along with the factors which were associated with them. Some authors have tabulated a total death toll, consisting of all of the excess deaths which cumulatively occurred under the rule of communist states, but these death toll estimates have been criticized. Most frequently, the states and events which are studied and included in death toll estimates are the Holodomor and the Great Purge in the Soviet Union, the Great Chinese Famine and the Cultural Revolution in the People's Republic of China, and the Cambodian genocide in Democratic Kampuchea (now Cambodia) . The concept of connecting disparate killings to the status of the communist states which committed them and the concept of trying to ascribe common causes and factors to them have both been supported and criticized by the academic community. Some academics view it as an indictment of communism as an ideology, while other academics view it as being overly simplistic and they also view it as being rooted in anti-communism. Also, some academics attribute the causes of the killings to either the political systems or the leaders of the communist states. There is also debate over whether or not all the famines which occurred during the rule of communist states can be considered mass killings. Mass killings which were committed by communist states have been compared to killings which were committed by other types of states. Monuments to the victims of communism exist in almost all the capitals of Eastern Europe and one in Washington, D.

À propos de ce résultat

Cette page est générée automatiquement et peut contenir des informations qui ne sont pas correctes, complètes, à jour ou pertinentes par rapport à votre recherche. Il en va de même pour toutes les autres pages de ce site. Veillez à vérifier les informations auprès des sources officielles de l'EPFL.

Concepts associés (59)

Séances de cours associées (1)

Les relations internationales de la Suisse (2/2)

Explore les relations diplomatiques de la Suisse pendant la guerre froide, l'intégration en Europe et les activités humanitaires.

Crimes du régime khmer rouge

thumb|Crânes des victimes des Khmers rouges à Choeung Ek. Les crimes du régime khmer rouge couvrent l'ensemble des meurtres, massacres, exécutions et persécutions ethniques, religieuses ou politiques commis par ce mouvement nationaliste et communiste radical, lorsqu’il contrôla le Cambodge de 1975 à 1979. Durant quatre ans, les Khmers rouges, dont le chef principal était Pol Pot, dirigèrent un régime connu sous le nom officiel de Kampuchéa démocratique, qui soumit la population à une dictature d'une rare violence et dont la politique causa au minimum plusieurs centaines de milliers de morts.

Classicide

vignette|Image de la dékoulakisation en URSS, début des années 1930. Le classicide est un concept proposé par le sociologue Michael Mann pour décrire la destruction délibérée et systématique, en tout ou en partie, d'une classe sociale par la persécution et la violence. Bien qu'il ait été utilisé pour la première fois par le médecin et militant anticommuniste Fred Schwarz en 1972, le classicide a été popularisé par Mann comme un terme similaire mais distinct du génocide parce qu'il signifie le «l'intention de tuer en masse des classes sociales entières.

Mass killings under communist regimes