Soudage à l'arc à l'électrode enrobée

vignette| Soudage à l'arc à l'électrode enrobée. vignette| Schéma de fonctionnement :

Enrobage
Électrode
Gaz protecteur
Bain de fusion
Métal de base
Cordon de soudure
Laitier

Le soudage à l'arc à l'électrode enrobée (SAEE ou MMA), soudage manuel ou soudage à la baguette, est l'un des procédés de soudage les plus utilisés. Lorsque l'on approche l'électrode enrobée des pièces à assembler, il se crée un arc électrique qui dégage un fort effet calorifique provoquant la fusion de l'électrode. Électrode L'électrode enrobée, ou baguette de soudage, est constituée d'une âme métallique et d'un enrobage. Électrodes spéciales

Carbures de tungstène, de chrome, de manganèse, de molybdène, de bore : dépose une couche de carbure pour améliorer la résistance à l'abrasion (électrode au + ou AC ).
Carbures de niobium : résistance aux chocs et à l'abrasion (électrode au + ou AC ).
Chanfreinage et gouge

Experimental testing and simulation of bolted beam-column connections having thick extended endplates and multiple bolts per row

Luís Costa Borges, Shyam Khadka, Alain Nussbaumer, Gary Scott Prinz

Retrofit of existing steel buildings often requires strengthening of the connection regions. One common connection, the bolted beam-column connection, is often strengthened in design using stiffened extended endplates, or with continuity plates welded between the column flanges. In a retrofit scenario, adding stiffeners to the endplate is difficult due to the concrete slab and metal deck, and excessive field welding of continuity plates may be uneconomical. Simplifying retrofit efforts, and for economy, connection strength may be improved by simply adding more bolts to the connection. Current code methods, broadly generalized to all connection configurations, are currently based on component experiments having only one bolt on either side of the column web. This study experimentally investigates strengthening of bolted beam-column connections, having no column web stiffeners, using more than one bolt on either side of the column web. Six full-scale bolted beam-column connections are tested, representing exterior beam column connections (beams attached to only one column flange). Connections with both extended and flush endplates are considered. Two column sections (HE300A and HE300B) are tested along with HE300B beams creating both equal-column-beam, and weak-column strong-beam scenarios. Analytical simulations provide insight into local connection demands, and experimental results are compared with current code methods. The experiments indicate that closer inner-bolt spacing relative to the column web increases connection moment capacity but decreases rotation capacity (connection ductility) due to increased bolt prying forces from column flange distortions. The outer bolt of multiple-bolt-per-row configurations contributes very little to the connection resistance when column web stiffeners are not considered. With the exception of specimen T-3B which failed through bolt-thread shear after 0.02 rad, all connections with multiple bolts per row still achieved rotations greater than 0.06 rad. The Eurocode 3 component method and adapted Eurocode 3 procedures conservatively predicted the connection strength of each test specimen, including weak-column strong-beam assemblies, and accurately identified the initial connection limit states.

Elsevier2014

A novel approach to dielectrophoresis using carbon electrodes

Rodrigo Martinez Duarte, Philippe Renaud

Carbon-electrode dielectrophoresis (carbon-DEP) is demonstrated here as an alternative to more traditional DEP techniques. Carbon-DEP combines advantages of metal-electrode and insulator-based DEP by using low-cost fabrication techniques and low voltages for particle manipulation. The use of 3-D electrodes is proved to yield significant advantages over the use of traditional planar electrodes. This paper details the fabrication of dense arrays of tall high aspect ratio carbon electrodes on a transparent fused-silica substrate. The shrinkage of the SU-8 structures during carbonization is characterized and a design tool for future devices is provided. Applications of carbon electrodes in DEP are then detailed and include particle positioning, high-throughput filtering and cell focusing using positive-DEP. Manipulated cells include Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Drosophila melanogaster. The advantages and disadvantages of carbon-DEP are discussed at the end of this work.

Wiley-Blackwell2011

Experimental testing and simulation of bolted beam-column connections having thick extended endplates and multiple bolts per row

Luís Costa Borges, Shyam Khadka, Alain Nussbaumer, Gary Scott Prinz

Elsevier2014