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Water has been declared a human right by the United Nations, thus urging countries who have ratified the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights to ensure supply with drinking water for their populations1. However, supply of drinking ...
This work covers homogeneous and biphasic catalysis in ionic liquids and water. The work presented herein is divided into two major parts: catalytic hydrogenation and catalytic hydroformylation. The first part also serves as an introduction to catalysis in ...
Several washing agents ( EDTA, CDTA, NTA, 8 HQS, Ti-EDTA- citrate, Ca2+, and H+) were tested for their ability to extract adsorbed metal from biological surfaces to distinguish between internalized and total cellular metal (Pb, Ni, Cd, Zn, and Cu) for a gr ...
The two known Me- and allyl-substituted 1H-imidazol-3-ium bromides 1 and 2, respectively, were converted to the corresponding BF4- and BPh4- salts 3-6 (Scheme 1). Compounds 3 and 4 were liquids at ambient temperature. Reaction of 1 or 2 with [PdCl2] afford ...
Important reductions of refrigerant amounts can be achieved by using secondary refrigeration fluids. Ice slurry is a two-phase fluid and thus, compared to single phase secondary refrigeration fluids, offers the advantage of the latent heat of fusion when t ...
This book represents first non-edited book on the subject of metal catalysed reactions in ionic liquids and covers the literature from its origins until early 2005. Following a general introduction to the field of biphasic/mutliphasic catalysis, the synthe ...
Two nitrile-functionalized alkyltriflouroborate anion based complexes [(Ph3P)(2)N][CH3CH(BF3)CH2CN] and [K(18-crown-6)][CH3CH(BF3)CH2CN] were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic methods and single X-ray diffraction analysis. In the former comple ...
Some plants able to take up heavy metals from contaminated soils offer a possibility to clean up sites contaminated with heavy metals. Plants thus act as a solar driven pump, which can extract and concentrate heavy metals from the environment. Since most o ...
A series of imidazolium salts with the nitrile functional group attached to the alkyl side chain, viz. [C(n)CNmim][X] (where C(n)CNmim is the 1-alkylnitrile-3-methylimidazolium cation and C-n = (CH2)(n), n = 1-4; X = Cl, PF6, and BF4) and [C(3)CNdmim][X] ( ...
Two-phase liquid system IA(w)jIX(o) comprising the interface between the aqueous solution (w) of uni-univalent electrolyte IA and an organic solvent solution (o) of a uni-univalent electrolyte IX with the common cation I+ is considered as a simple model of ...
