Conservation biologists have designed a variety of objective means to empirically measure biodiversity. Each measure of biodiversity relates to a particular use of the data. For practical conservationists, measurements should include . For others, a more economically defensible definition should allow the ensuring of continued possibilities for both adaptation and future use by humans, assuring environmental sustainability. As a consequence, biologists argue that this measure is likely to be associated with the variety of genes. Since it cannot always be said which genes are more likely to prove beneficial, the best choice for conservation is to assure the persistence of as many genes as possible. For ecologists, this latter approach is sometimes considered too restrictive, as it prohibits ecological succession. Biodiversity is usually plotted as taxonomic richness of a geographic area, with some reference to a temporal scale. Whittaker described three common metrics used to measure species-level biodiversity, encompassing attention to species richness or species evenness: Species richness - the simplest of the indices available. Simpson index Shannon-Wiener index More recently, two new indices have been invented. The Mean Species Abundance Index (MSA) calculates the trend in population size of a cross section of the species. It does this in line with the CBD 2010 indicator for species abundance. The Biodiversity Intactness Index (BII) measures biodiversity change using abundance data on plants, fungi and animals worldwide. The BII shows how local terrestrial biodiversity responds to human pressures such as land use change and intensification. Alternatively, other types of diversity may be plotted against a temporal timescale: species diversity ecological diversity morphological diversity genetic diversity These different types of diversity may not be independent. There is, for example, a close link between vertebrate taxonomic and ecological diversity.

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Concepts associés (8)
Diversity index
A diversity index is a quantitative measure that reflects how many different types (such as species) there are in a dataset (a community), and that can simultaneously take into account the phylogenetic relations among the individuals distributed among those types, such as richness, divergence or evenness. These indices are statistical representations of biodiversity in different aspects (richness, evenness, and dominance).
Dark diversity
Dark diversity is the set of species that are absent from a study site but present in the surrounding region and potentially able to inhabit particular ecological conditions. It can be determined based on species distribution, dispersal potential and ecological needs. The term was introduced in 2011 by three researchers from the University of Tartu and was inspired by the idea of dark matter in physics since dark diversity too cannot be directly observed. Dark diversity is part of the species pool concept.
Perte de la biodiversité
vignette|redresse=1.5|Selon le Rapport planète vivante 2016 de WWF, l'indice planète vivante affiche un déclin de 58 % des populations mondiales de vertébrés entre 1970 et 2012. La perte de la biodiversité, appelée aussi déclin de la biodiversité ou érosion de la biodiversité ou effondrement de la biodiversité, est une crise écologique qui implique l'extinction d'espèces (végétales ou animales) dans le monde entier, ainsi que la réduction ou la perte locale d'espèces dans un habitat donné, et la disparition d'écosystèmes.
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