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The durability of concrete is a major challenge for the construction, which devotes one third to one half of its annual investment to building maintenance. The lack of field data regarding concrete durability, especially in the case of exposure to sulfate ...
The consequences of external sulfate attack were investigated by traditional test methods, i.e. length and mass change, as well as by a newly developed, surface sensitive ultrasonic method, using Leaky Rayleigh waves (1 MHz). The macroscopic changes are di ...
The present invention refers to using the principal of a room temperature molten ionic liquid, to an electrolyte, to devices comprising the ionic liquid co-melting, and to the preparation of a room temperature ionic liquid via various physical and chemical ...
The formation of thaumasite was investigated with the progressive equilibrium approach (PEA). This approach experimentally simulates the conditions of various levels of sulfate addition in hardened cement pastes. The influence of limestone, time, C(3)A con ...
The applications of systems based on Portland Cement (PC), Calcium Aluminate Cement (CAC) and Calcium Sulphate (C$) are usually limited to indoor uses in the field of Building Chemistry because no durability data exist on the outdoor uses. These ternary bi ...
The effects of the dehydration-rehydration process on the recovering of the original rheological characteristics of the re-hydrating solution were studied. Four different fruit fluid products were investigated: apricot, banana purees, non-pureed citrus fru ...
Sandcastle worms Phragmatopoma californica build mound-like reefs by sticking together large numbers of sand grains with cement secreted from the building organ. The cement consists of protein plus substantial amounts of calcium and magnesium, which are no ...
The sulfate attack is known to influence the durability of concrete. In general, significant damage due to sulfate interaction results in the structural breakdown of the concrete structure. However, the precipitation of thaumasite due to sulfate concentrat ...
The crystallisation of soluble sulphate salts is one of the most important factors of stone monument degradation. The origin of these salts is variable: Marine, air pollution, building or restoration material. The lack of certainty about these sources repr ...
The Off-Gel™ technology was recently described for protein fractionation in a solution placed on top of an immobilized pH gradient gel. In addition, this process was found to remove salts from the biological samples to analyze. This desalting effect is stu ...