Sanskritisation

Sanskritisation (or Sanskritization) is a term in sociology which refers to the process by which castes or tribes placed lower in the caste hierarchy seek 'upward' mobility by emulating the rituals and practices of the dominant castes or upper castes. It is a process similar to "passing" in sociological terms. This term was made popular by Indian sociologist M. N. Srinivas in the 1950s. In a broader sense, also called Brahmanisation, it is a historical process in which "local" Indian religious traditions become syncretised, or aligned to and absorbed within the Brahmanical religion, resulting in the pan-Indian religion of Hinduism. Srinivas defined Sanskritisation as a process by which a low or middle Hindu caste, or tribal or other group, changes its customs, ritual, ideology, and way of life in the direction of a high and frequently twice-born caste. Generally such changes are followed by a claim to a higher position in the caste hierarchy than that traditionally conceded to the claimant class by the local community ... ." In a broader sense, Sanskritisation is the process whereby "local" or regional forms of culture and religion – local deities, rituals, literary genres – become identified with the 'great tradition' of Sanskrit literature and culture: namely the culture and religion of orthodox, Aryan, Brahmans, which accepts the Veda as revelation and, generally, adheres to varnasrama-dharma. In this process, local traditions ("little traditions") become integrated into the "great tradition" of Brahmanical religion, disseminating Sanskrit texts and Brahmanical ideas throughout India, and abroad. This facilitated the development of the Hindu synthesis, in which the Brahmanical tradition absorbed "local popular traditions of ritual and ideology." According to Srinivas, Sanskritisation is not just the adoption of new customs and habits, but also includes exposure to "new" ideas and values appearing in Sanskrit literature. He says the words Karma, dharma, papa, maya, samsara, and moksha are the most common Sanskrit theological ideas which become common in the talk of people who are sanskritised.

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Concepts associés (12)

Dravidiens

vignette|Langues dravidiennes Les peuples dravidiens, également appelés Dravidiens, sont les termes utilisés pour désigner, parmi les peuples non aryens et non himalayens en Inde, ceux parlant des langues dravidiennes. Vingt-six langues dravidiennes sont recensées, parlées par plus de 250 millions de personnes. Pour la plupart, elles sont concentrées dans la moitié sud de la péninsule indienne, mais deux exceptions existent dans le nord : les Brahouis au nord-ouest et les Kurukhs et Maltos au nord-est.

Ahir

Ahir or Aheer are a community of traditionally non-elite pastoralists in India, most members of which identify as being of the Indian Yadav community because they consider the two terms to be synonymous. The Ahirs are variously described as a caste, a clan, a community, a race and a tribe. The traditional occupations of Ahirs are cattle-herding and agriculture. Since late 19th century to early 20th century, Ahirs have adopted Yadav word for their community and have claimed descent from the mythological king Yadu as a part of a movement of social and political resurgence through Sanskritisation process under the influence of Arya Samaj.

Other Backward Classes

En Inde, les autres classes en retard (Other Backward Classes, OBC) sont les castes qui sont défavorisées sur le plan éducatif ou social. Cette expression est employée par le gouvernement. C'est l'une des nombreuses classifications officielles de la population de l'Inde, avec la classe générale, et les castes et tribus répertoriées. Selon le rapport de la Commission Mandal de 1980, les OBC représentent 52% de la population du pays. En 2006, un sondage estime leur proportion à 41%. En Inde, le nombre d'OBC est objet de débat.