Independent animation

The term independent animation refers to animated shorts and feature films produced outside a major national animation industry. A good portion of the work is viewed in animation festivals and private screen rooms along with schools that produce animation through instruction. The significance of independent animation is as important as studio fare. "Independent" initially implied amateurs and unknowns. However, following the implosion of the entertainment industry and mass layoffs of animators, "indie" now almost exclusively refers to industry veterans with connections producing content on their own time. In America, working independent animators included Mary Ellen Bute, John Whitney, Harry Everett Smith and Oskar Fischinger alongside earlier efforts of what would later become UPA. In 1959, the first independent animated film to win an Oscar with John Hubley's Moonbird which was also produced by wife and collaborator Faith Hubley using limited animation to tell their own personal stories. Jordan Belson, Robert Breer and Stan Vanderbeek made experimental animation during this time. In the late 1960s, animator Ralph Bakshi and producer Steve Krantz founded Bakshi Productions, establishing the studio as an alternative to mainstream animation by producing animation his own way and accelerating the advancement of female and minority animators. He also paid his employees a higher salary than any other studio at that time. In 1969, Ralph's Spot was founded as a division of Bakshi Productions to produce commercials for Coca-Cola and Max, the 2000-Year-Old Mouse, a series of educational shorts paid for by Encyclopædia Britannica. However, Bakshi was uninterested in the kind of animation he was producing, and wanted to produce something personal. Bakshi soon developed Heavy Traffic, a tale of inner-city street life. However, Krantz told Bakshi that studio executives would be unwilling to fund the film because of its content and Bakshi's lack of film experience. While browsing the East Side Book Store on St.

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Concepts associés (3)

Film (cinéma)

vignette|Alexandre Dovjenko en train de réaliser un film. Un film est une œuvre du cinéma ou de l'audiovisuel, qu'elle soit produite ou reproduite sur support argentique ou sur tout autre support existant (vidéo, numérique). Ce terme (qui vient de l'anglais film qui signifie « couche », « voile ») est employé par métonymie, en référence à la pellicule chargée dans un magasin de caméra argentique, destinée aux prises de vues cinématographiques.

20th Century Studios

20th Century Studios (anciennement 20th Century-Fox Film Corporation de 1934 à 1985, 20th Century Fox Film Corporation de 1985 à 2020 ou 20th Century Fox en raccourci) est une société de productions cinématographiques américaine. Elle est créée en 1915 sous le nom de Fox Film par William Fox, et fusionne ensuite avec Twentieth Century Pictures, créée en 1933 par Darryl F. Zanuck (un ancien producteur de Warner Brothers) et Joseph Schenck, l'ancien président de United Artists.

Independent animation